Memories of my childhood Essay Example for Free

Memories of my childhood Essay Thinking back when I was ten brings up a lot of memories of my childhood. I was a tom boy and a big eater because of my high metabolism and extremely high energy level. I look back at my favorite foods and there are many that come to mind. I loved Chef Boyardee Ravioli and Spaghetti O’s. I also loved my mom’s homemade chicken and dumplings and bisquits, peanut butter and banana sandwiches, and mom’s cookies. These have been my favorites throughout the years with the exception of the Chef Boyardee Ravioli and Spaghetti O’s. My mom has taught me how to prepare some of her recipes so that I may pass them on to my children and them to theirs. I think I will continue to eat these dishes until my body can no longer handle the ingredients that make these dishes so scrumptious. My mother is 52yrs old and still enjoys these foods she is in very good health with the exception of her osteoporosis so if I continue taking care of myself and my body and nothing bad happens besides what already has happened, I think I should be able to eat these dishes for a very long time. There are several reasons why dietary modifications need to be changed throughout the different stages of life. From birth the old age are metabolism is constantly changing, we go from a high energy intake to a slowed metabolism. Healthful diets help promote the growth of infancy into your older adulthood, and it helps with the productivity to help prevent obesity, high blood pressure and cholesterol, certain diseases, strokes, heart attacks, and osteoporosis.

Celiac Disease: Symptoms, Causes and Effects

Celiac Disease: Symptoms, Causes and Effects INTRODUCTION TO CELIAC DISEASE (definition, overview); Celiac disease or celiac sprue is a common disease that occurs in people digestive system. The people with this condition have adverse reaction to food containing gluten. Gluten is a type of protein that commonly can be found in three types of cereals such as wheat, rye and barley. It also can be found in food such as bread, pasta and biscuit. In the case of celiac disease, the immune system of the body treated one of substances that make gluten, gliadin, as a threat to the body and negatively react to it. The immune system produces antibodies to fight the supposed to be harmful substance. This antibodies cause surface the intestine become inflamed, disrupting the ability of the body to absorb the nutrient from the food lead to malnourished condition to people with the celiac disease. If this condition happened to infant or toddler, it will make them failed to thrive, in term of the weight and height. In older, the malnourished condition can lead to late blooming. In United States, 1 in every 100 to 200 people has this condition[1], while in UK it affects 1 in every 100 people[2]. The number might be higher because some milder cases may go undiagnosed or misdiagnosed and treated as other disease. The disease may affect to all people at any age. Women with celiac disease are two to three times higher than men[3] from all the cases that were reported. The symptoms have high probability to develop during early childhood – between 8-12 months old and usually it takes several months before correct diagnosis is made or in later adulthood – between ages of 40 to 60 years[4]. Due to adverse reaction to gluten, people with this condition should avoid gluten in their diet. Cause There is no exact science what conditions that can develop the celiac disease. The two condition that probably cause this is the genetic and environment. The risk is approximately 10% with family history[5], compared with 1% person with no close relative that has this condition. In identical twin, the risk can go up to 85% if the other twin has this condition.[6] Other factor that can cause celiac disease is the environmental factor. Having previous infection in the digestive system or wrong diet when someone was a children play part in developing celiac disease. Introduce gluten to the diet of less than three months old baby can increase the risk of developing celiac disease. Experts agree that parents have to wait until their baby is six months old or older to introduce gluten to the baby diet. When the baby is introduced to gluten, there is also high chance that they still develop celiac disease if they are not breastfeed. Some number of health conditions can also increase the risk to develop celiac disease such as ulcerative colitis – inflammation of colon cause by some digestive condition–, type-1 diabetes and neurological disorders such as epilepsy.[7] Symptom Although celiac disease is hard to be recognized, there are several symptoms that may lead to celiac disease diagnosis. When a person eat food containing gluten, several conditions can be happened: Indigestion Occasional change in bowel habit such as diarrhea or constipation Bloating and flatulence Anemia, a condition where someone lack iron in blood and cause tiredness, breathlessness and an irregular heartbeat Abdominal pain Loss of appetite Weight loss Feeling tired all the time – as result of malnutrition Children not growing to expected rate. Tingling and numb in the hands and feet Vomiting, usually happen on children Hair loss, usually happen on adult Note that the symptoms are often intermittent, start and stop interchangeably and sometimes appear unrelated to the diet and digestive symptoms. The symptom in mild case celiac disease sometimes unnoticeable, and is detected during testing for another disease. It is suggested that, although it is a mild condition, complication can still occur. The symptoms for severe celiac disease is the same as the regular symptom, except in more severe level such as stomach cram, muscle spasm, diarrhea which often happen at night and swelling in the hand, feet, arms and legs caused by buildup of fluid or edema. The stools (feces) can also contain high levels of fat, which can make them greasy, foul smelling and frothy. They also can make it hard to flush the toilet. IMPORTANCE OF READING ABOUT CELIAC DISEASE; The symptoms of celiac disease sometimes are not apparent. The cause of the disease for children can be harmful and cause long-term damage. If the disease is untreated, it can lead to malnourished because the body cannot digest the food in the right way. The body will feel tired and lack of energy. Malnutrition in children will lead to failure to grow at expected rate, in term of height and weight and for older children; it can lead to delayed puberty. Because of the long term and damaging effect of celiac disease, proper knowledge of this condition should become a common awareness. An untreated or undiagnosed celiac disease in a person that still eats gluten can cause more serious effect. Eating a tiny amount of gluten can trigger the symptoms of celiac disease and increase the possibility to develop complications such as osteoporosis, malnutrition, lactose intolerance and even cancer. Osteoporosis Osteoporosis is a condition where the bones become weak and brittle. The bones need mineral and vitamin to make it keep strong. Because of the digestive condition of a person with celiac disease, the damaged intestines prevent it to absorb nutrient from the food that needed to be given to the bones. Osteoporosis usually has no symptoms, until someone had an accidental fall or something similar and end up breaking a weakened bones. Osteoporosis can be treated by consume enough vitamin D and calcium. Malnutrition The damage in the intestines prevent is to absorb enough nutrient for the body. These malnutrition conditions can makes the body cannot function normally or recover in the event of infection or wounded. Severe malnutrition can cause fatigue, dizzy and confused. The muscles become languish and it is very difficult to keep the warm of the body. In children, the malnutrition can hamper the growth and late development. The malnutrition can be treated by additional supplement or eating enough calories in the diet. Lactose Intolerance Someone with celiac disease has high possibility to also develop lactose intolerance, where the body is not enough producing enzymes to digest milk sugar (lactose) found in dairy products. Celiac disease symptoms such as diarrhea, bloating and abdominal discomfort are caused by lactose intolerance. Lactose intolerance does not damage the body, but rather cause the above discomfort, the gastrointestinal symptoms, because the body cannot digest the lactose properly. Lactose intolerance can be treated by not drinking or eating dairy product. Additional supplement such as calcium might be needed because dairy product is one of the main sources of calcium for the body. Cancer It is suggested in some research that having celiac disease can raise the possibility to develop certain type of cancer, including bowel cancer and lymphoma, cancer in the lymphatic system, part of the immune system. Based on research, it is estimated that people with celiac disease has two times higher possibility to develop bowel cancer than general population[8]. The highest risk to develop cancer is thought in the first year after diagnosis, and drop to normal after the gluten free diet take effect. Whether or not someone has celiac disease, it is important to be aware to the symptom of bowel cancer which includes unexplained weight loss, blood in stools (feces) and change in the normal bowel habit lasting more than four weeks. SIGNIFICANCE OF A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH TO CELIAC DISEASE The symptom of celiac disease sometimes unrecognizable or people think that it is the symptom to other disease. Take the right approach to find the disease and how to react to it seems necessary. The approach to celiac disease can be divided into two categories, the correct diagnosis and correct treatment. Diagnosis Routine screening for celiac disease is not recommended unless someone has the potential to develop them. If someone have symptom that already explained above, then it is recommended to test for celiac disease. Testing is also recommended if someone have the following condition: Type 1 diabetes Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) Underactive or overactive thyroid gland Dermatitis herpetiformis, a skin condition that causes blistering In other circumstances, testing is also recommended if someone has this condition: Addision disease, where certain gland in the body are attacked by immune system Down Syndrome, an abnormal physical and mental development that is caused by genetic condition Epilepsy Lymphoma, a type of cancer Bone diseases such as rickets, the softening and weakening of the bone Persistent of unexplained constipation Repeated miscarriages Sjogren’s Syndrome, a condition where the tear and saliva gland are attacked by the immune system Turner Syndrome, infertility and delayed growth affecting a woman because of a genetic condition Unexplained fertility The screening to diagnose celiac disease involves two steps. The first step is the blood test, to help identify the people who may have celiac disease and then biopsy as the second test to confirm that people have celiac disease. In the blood test, the general practitioner will take sample of the blood and then test it for antibodies that usually can be found in the bloodstream of people with celiac disease. Before and during the test, the people that will be diagnosed should not avoid gluten in their diet as this can lead to inaccurate test result. If the test is positive, mean that there is a celiac disease antibodies found the blood, it is recommend to take second step of the test, biopsy. Sometimes, someone has celiac disease but the blood test result is negative, mean that no antibodies found in the blood. If the symptoms of celiac disease keep coming, the doctor usually will recommend taking biopsy test. The second step, biopsy test usually carried out in a hospital and is performed by gastroenterologist, a specialist that treats any conditions in the stomach and intestines. Before the procedure, local anesthetic will be given to the patient to numb her throat or sedative to make her relax. An endoscope, a thin and flexible tube with a light will then is inserted in to her mouth and gently pass down to her small intestine. A tiny biopsy tool will be passed through the endoscope to takes sample of the lining in the small intestine. The sample will then be inspected under microscope to confirm the presence of a celiac disease. If someone diagnoses with celiac disease, she may also need to take other test to assess how the celiac disease has affected the body so far. She may need to do another blood test to check the level of iron, vitamins and mineral in the blood. This test will help to determine whether she already has anemia due to poor digestion. A skin biopsy may need to be taken if she appears to develop dermatitis herpetiformis, a gluten intolerance condition marked by an itchy rash in the skin. I other cases, a DEXA scan may also being recommended. This test will particularly see the condition of the bones. The DEXA scan is some kind of X-ray to measure the bones density to see if she have the risk of bone fracture when she getting older. This test may necessary if the doctor suspects that the celiac disease has already affected the bone and cause osteoporosis. Treatment The simplest way to explain the treatment celiac disease is by move away from food contains gluten. Do not eat it even just a small amount of it. This action will prevent the damage of the lining in the intestines or gut that is caused by gluten, and its associated symptom such as diarrhea and stomach pain. Someone with celiac disease should avoid gluten in their diet for life because this protein, if is consumed will cause the symptom to comeback and cause long-term damage to the health. This may looks worrying and daunting, but help is always available from the doctor or dietician about how to manage the diet. Few weeks after starting gluten free diet, the symptom will improve considerably. However, it may take quite long time; up to two years before the digestive system heal completely. As mentioned above, a dietician might be endorsed by the doctor to give advice about healthy diet without gluten. They will also help to check the balance of the nutrient in the new diet. Someone with celiac disease will no longer able to eat foods that contain wheat, barley or rye. Even if they eat just a spoonful of pasta, the celiac symptom will start to emerge, such as the unpleasant intestinal sensation. If gluten is ate regularly, in the long run it will increase the risk to develop osteoporosis or cancer in later life. The good news is, as protein, gluten is not essential to the diet and the replacement can be found in many other foods. Alternatives for gluten-free foods are widely available in store, supermarket or healthy food shops, including pizza, pasta and bread. Wide ranges of gluten-free food are also available on prescription. Many basic foods such as vegetables, rice, cheese, potatoes and meat are naturally gluten-free so to put them in the personal diet of someone with celiac disease is not a problem. To give a brief picture about which food contain gluten or not, the list below will show you some of the food with gluten and without gluten. Food containing gluten Do not eat the following food unless it has label as gluten-free version: Bread Pasta Cereal Biscuit or crackers Cakes and pastries Pies Gravies and Sauces It is important to always check the label of the food that being bought. By law, food labeled as gluten-free can contain no more than 20 ppm (parts per million) of gluten. [9] Most people can accept this amount trace of gluten, but very few people cannot tolerate even very small of it. For those type of people, they really need to eat gluten-free food. Many foods, mainly those that are processed may contain gluten in additives, such as modified food starch and malt flavoring. Gluten may also found in some non-food product such as lipstick, postage stamps or some type of medication. Cross contamination can occur if gluten-free food is processed together with same utensils with the food that contain gluten. Gluten free food The following foods naturally do not contain gluten: Rice Potatoes Fruit and vegetables Fish and meat Most dairy product such as milk, butter and cheese Gluten free flour such as corn, soy, rice and potato Oats is also an example of gluten-free food; nevertheless many people with celiac disease avoid eating them because they can become contaminated by gluten from other cereal. To eat oats, someone with celiac disease should carefully check that the oats is pure and no gluten contaminations have occurred. It is recommended to eat oat when the gluten-free diet already taken full-effect. If the symptom emerges again, stop eating oats. In early prevention of celiac disease to be developed in people, it is advised to not introduce any diets that contain gluten to less than six months old baby. Breast milking the baby is the best way to feed them since the breast milk does not contain gluten. The baby milk formula is also gluten-free. Besides eating gluten free diet, other treatments are also needed especially if the celiac disease already affecting the body. For the first six month after diagnosis, additional supplement might be needed to ensure that the body have enough nutrient its needed before the digestive system repair itself. Taking supplement can also remedy any deficiencies such as anemia. In the case where the celiac disease causing the spleen work less efficiently, which makes someone vulnerable to infection, an additional vaccination should be applied. The vaccinations include influenza and HIB/MenC vaccine which protect against meningitis, pneumonia and sepsis or blood poisoning. Pneumococcal should also be taken to protect against infections caused by the Streptococcus Pneumonia bacterium. For some people, celiac disease can also cause an itchy rash in the skin called dermatitis herpetiformis. Taking a gluten free diet as treatment is usually enough to clear it up. In some cases, it takes quite long time to clear up the rash. Medicine called Dapson might be prescribed by the doctor to help the body speed up the clearing of the rash. However, side effects such as depression and headaches should be expected, so it usually will be prescribed in the lowest effective dose. Celiac disease has a long run damaging effect to the body. It is suggested that comprehensive approach, which include diagnosis and treatment as explain above should become common knowledge for people, especially someone with the higher risk to develop the disease because of family genetic or other factor. [1] http://www.aafp.org/afp/2007/1215/p1795.html [2] http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Coeliac-disease/Pages/Introduction.aspx [3] http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Coeliac-disease/Pages/Introduction.aspx [4] http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Coeliac-disease/Pages/Introduction.aspx [5] http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Coeliac-disease/Pages/Causes.aspx [6] http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Coeliac-disease/Pages/Causes.aspx [7] http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Coeliac-disease/Pages/Causes.aspx [8] http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Coeliac-disease/Pages/Complications.aspx [9] http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Coeliac-disease/Pages/Treatment.aspx

Components of Risk Management

Components of Risk Management 1st the definition of risk: Risk is simply a possible threat that may occur during a specific event or even in a normal day which may affect our lives in various ways by changing the ordinary routine in a dramatic turn of events whether its Damage, loss, liability there is always a chance of a possible risk that may happen (though odds may change by the surrounding Environment, situations and the nature of the risk) (BusinessDictionary.com, 2017) Examples of risk: 1. Financial risk: The possibility that a certain project or business may not cover the costs and expenses that been spent on it or even cause loss of resources. Examples of financial risk: (Investinganswers.com, 2017) Economic Risk: is the possibility that Macroeconomic conditions like exchange rate, government economic Regime or political influences may affect the Economical state of an investment or an entire country Political risk is divided into two types (Investopedia.com, 2017) Macro and Micro: A macro risk refers to adverse actions that will have an impact on all foreign businesses expropriation or insurrection. On the second hand we have Micro risk and its remotely different from macro and the difference is that a micro risk will affect a certain industrial field or business caused by corruption, prejudicial behavior against foreigner countries and their investments and usually will end up losing a lot of Money if they are unprepared for such turn of events. For example after Fidel Castros gained control over Cuba in 1959 hundred millions of dollars worth American Investments were expropriated by Castros government unfortunately most of these American businesses had no resources or alternative plans to retrieve their loss back. Liquidity risk: the following situations will simplify the concept of liquidity risk (BusinessDictionary.com, 2017) Situation 1: not being able to fulfill the needs of depositors and borrowers due the lack of cash or cash equivalents. Situation 2: sales of illiquid assets cheaper than their usual value. Situation 3: illiquid assets will not be sold in the scheduled time planned due to the lack of customers. 2. Food industry Risk: The possibility that harm may occur due to a certain hazard affecting a certain magnitude. 3. Work place risk: The possibility that an injury may occur during work whether the job is risky or not. 2nd The Components of Risk: (Project-Management.com) Risk has 3 components. These components should be taken separately one at a time in consideration while deciding how to manage a risk The event that could happen. The possibility that an event could happen. The effects and the results if the event happens.How to begin? Analyze the possible risks that might happen to your business, life etc. Most of the Risks could be divided in two: External and internal. Internal Risks: Business owners have various ways to control internal risks which happen from day to day represented in things like: Strategies, financials and employees. External risks: Such as disasters and compliance. These are hard to control, Analyze and prepare for however it could be done by a series of preparations. The Plan: (Investinganswers.com, 2017) Risk management plans guide you on your way to analyze the risk, find solutions and get ready to face that risk any given moment. Though this plan doesnt describe the risk as a structure but the techniques of solving problems and facing these risks properly. Step 1 identifying the possible risk: (Gov.uk, 2017) First of all before taking any steps you should consider finding a group to think with about the possible risks. Its always better to think in groups to cover all the corners of the topic. Think of what could be threatening your business and how would it affect you and reflect on your work. You should be taking time to analyze and determine what the risks around you are by covering all the surrounding issues and thinking of the true potential risk and categorizing it. Categorizing risks depends on the nature of your work and your surroundings. For example: if youre running a factory you should consider the risk of having technical difficulties such as the fact that machines may stop functioning or even injuries may occur within your factory. These elements you can control by taking the right cautious steps. These are called internal risks such as we mentioned before. However, in cases of natural disasters like earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunamis etc., there is nothing much you can do ab out it and you may not have control over these external risk elements. 2nd step in our list here is prioritizing project risk: (Gov.uk, 2017) And its simply determining how likely or unlikely the mentioned risks may occur and calculating the potential impact on the project may be minimal. For example: a huge storm could happen and cancel few flights. Thats a risk that unlikely to happen. For example: a meteor shower might hit a certain area on earth and that would cause the same effect as the previous example, but its still unlikely to happen or it doesnt happen too often if I may say. Probability scale: After determining the risk, prioritizing and categorizing them, its now time to put them on the probability scale or the possibility scale: Very unlikely, unlikely, possible, likely, most likely After measuring how serious and likely the risk would happen, its now time to see how influential and impacting the risk is. Using the impact scale: which goes as following Very Low, Low, moderate, high, very high The techniques and the methods used to rank a risk applying probability scale and impact scale: Identifying the risk that is most likely to happen, rank it 5. Identify the risk that is the least likely to happen, rank it 1. Rank the other risks according to how likely they may occur. Apply the previous method on the impact scale. Example no.1 flight: Risk snow storm Probability 3 Impact 5 Priority Actions Example no.2 Flight: Risk Meteor shower Probability 1 Impact 5 Priority Actions Calculating priority: Once the probability and impact have been determined, you can easily calculate the priority by multiplying its probability through its impact. By this method you should be able to reorder your risk list in order of your own priorities. Example no.1 flight: Risk snow storm Probability 3 Impact 5 Priority 15 Actions Example no.2 Flight: Risk Meteor shower Probability 1 Impact 5 Priority 5 Actions As we mentioned earlier that each environment has its risks and each situation has a set of risks. This leads us to our next point. Hazard maps: the definition of hazard maps: (Earthquake.usgs.gov, 2017) A hazard map is a highlighted map spotting dangerous areas that affected or vulnerable to a certain hazard or risk such as volcanoes, earthquakes, tsunamis, landslides etc.. Hazard maps are created and used too often to expose the areas of high risk however hazard maps has various uses. For example: the one created by the U.S Geological survey which is used by American Insurance Agencies in order to maintain insurance covered citizens safe for living in hazardous areas. This leads us to a very important point which is event history. Event history: The only purpose of event history is to record, analyze and explain why certain people are at higher risks than others. This can be done by a special sort of static methods depending on the matter which is discussed. The first single requirement to make an event history analysis is event history data. The definition of event history: (members.home.nl/, 2017) Its simply a static or a series of events recorded by the date and time which happened to an individual or a series of individuals. For Example: an event history might be constructed by asking a series of question to a sample of people or making a survey which will report the dates of any past changes in marital status (for example). Risk appetite: A way to help and lead an organization system to approach risk and risk management. The definition of Risk appetite: (theirm.com, 2017): Its the amount of risk that a certain organization is able to tolerate and accept in the quest of its objectives and before the action is considered necessary. This done to reduce the risk since it works as a balance between the perks of creativity and the risk that change inevitably brings. Levels of Risk appetite Averse: Avoiding risk and uncertainty. Minimal: tendency to maximum safe options that is low on risk for a limited reward. Cautious: tendency to safe side options that have a minimal degree of risk and may have limited potential for a reward. Open: Willing to consider all options, the safe side part and the risky side as well and choose the one most likely to give better results. Hungry: eager to be innovative and willing to take the risks by choosing options with higher or better rewards despite the obvious risk, however the risk could be reduced by measuring the odds, though precise measurement isnt always possible. By defining the risk appetite an organization can make a perfect balance between innovation and caution for better results and higher, safer profits. However if a risk occurred and it already happened well need to use methods called Risk treatment. The definition of risk treatment: (simplicable.com, 2017) A risk treatment protocol or method which simply shows you how to manage a risk process all of its contents and treat it with various solutions. Avoidance: The first way to solve a problem is to avoid it and not needing to deal with it which in this case not taking the risk at all by avoiding its actions and staying out of its direction for a safe result. Reduction: You can always stay safe, always be prepared for the risk, for example wearing a life jacket when you go out for a swim, that way you will reduce the risk of drowning. Risk acceptance: Also known as risk retention which is simply choosing to take the risk instead of avoiding it. How to assess the risk? (Gov.uk, 2017) There are few things you need to know if you want to assess the risk. 1st: you need to identify the risks and the hazards such as we mentioned before. 2nd: you need to know who would get harmed by these hazards. 3rd: evaluate the risks. 4th: record your researches and studies about the risk. 5th: review your assessment to make sure that everything is going as planned. Risk management process: 1st youd need to identify the hazards as usual and make sure that you studied all the sides of these hazards. 2nd risk identification youd want to be fully aware of the risk and the hazards caused by it. For example: Hazard: worn out wires on electric items. Risk:worker might get electrocuted. 3rd risk assessment as its really importantto evaluate the odds of an injury occurring along with the possible consequences. Thats why risk assessment is based on two factors.The possible impact of any injury caused by a hazard and the possibility that the injury will happen, a risk matrix should be used in this type of situations. Risk Matrix: (Brighthub Project Management, 2017): Is a matrix used during the risk assessment to categorize the various levels of risk and the amount of harm that can be predicted to happen during a specific event an accident. Forexample, the level of risk could be measured and calculated as the result of possibility that harm could occur multiplied by the severity of that harm. Catastrophic: Numerous Deaths.Critical: 1 Death or Several Severe Injuries. Marginal: 1 Severe Injury or several Minor Injuries. Negligible: 1 Minor Injury Negligible Marginal Critical Catastrophic Certain High High Extreme Extreme Likely Moderate High High Extreme Possible Low Moderate High Extreme Unlikely Low Low Moderate Extreme Rare Low Low Moderate High 4th risk control (riskcontrolstrategies.com, 2017) Urgent actions must be taken for risk assessed as critical or high risk, the actions include: Instructions for immediate cessation of Activity, Isolation of the hazard, Prioritizing and immediate reacts to the hazard along with few improvements that can be done quickly, Training workers to be able to deal with the hazard properly and finally Daily check on the hazard to prevent any catastrophic losses. 5th branch diagrams (risk diagrams): (smartdraw.com, 2017) This analysis method is often used in safety engineering to figure out and determine how system can break or fail to analyze how to reduce risk or determine rates and statics of safety accidents. And its commonly used nuclear powers and chemicals processing. Fault tree analysis can be used to understand the concept to the risk event. First: Show the guidelines with the input system safety. Second: Prioritize the circumstances leading to the hazard event. Third: Monitor and insure safer performance. Fourth: Control over resources. Fifth: Assist building a system and a matrix. Sixth: Diagnosis and identifying and avoid the causes of the top event. 6th Risk register: (Brighthub Project Management, 2017) National risks register: Is a national security strategy was first published by the government back in 2008. Aiming to provide advices on how people and business can stay safe by preparing themselves for civil emergencies, there was another update in January 2012 and it was a fulfilling update to the 2008s register. Such register contained all the governments likelihood and potential emergencies risks made by several emergencies and hazards according to natural and industrial occurring hazards that may affect the United Kingdom. 2. Local risk Register: Whatever risk we face daily, it depends on where we live, how we live and the nature of environment around us. Flooding for example will be limited to certain areas of the country, while the odds of an industrial risk will depend on the type of industry and the place; each area has its own set of risks. For example: living by the coast could put you at the risk of a tsunami or a flood. Each area is special when it comes to risks. Therefore, the government provides guidance and instructions on how to act or what to do during this kind of events. It also shows how to overcome and how to treat these risks and how to be prepared before any risk hits suddenly. 7th Dynamic Risk Assessment (KPMG, 2017): DRA was developed by KPMG team: A team of scientists, mathematicians and economists. Its considered a huge step forward in the risk Assessment field which depends on theories, sophisticated algorithms, mathematics and advanced well processed data to identify and analyze risk in a 4th dimensional view. This allows professionals to see where risk can be considered critical or even spread contagion. The threat is measured and calculated before the event to prevent its occurring. References: BusinessDictionary.com. (2017). When was the last time you said this?. [online] Available at: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/risk.html [Accessed 22 Mar. 2017]. KPMG. (2017). Dynamic Risk Assessment. [online] Available at: https://home.kpmg.com/xx/en/home/services/audit/dynamic-risk-assessment.html [Accessed 22 Mar. 2017]. Imagineeducation.com.au. (2017). Imagine Education Australia. [online] Available at: http://www.imagineeducation.com.au/files/CHC30113/6_Steps_to_Risk_Manageme [Accessed 22 Mar. 2017]. Project-Management.com. (2017). What are the Components of Risk?. [online] Available at: https://project-management.com/what-are-the-components-of-risk/ [Accessed 22 Mar. 2017]. : Spacey, J. (2017). 5 Types of Risk Treatment. [online] Simplicable. Available at: http://simplicable.com/new/risk-treatment [Accessed 22 Mar. 2017]. Gov.uk. (2017). Risk assessment: how the risk of emergencies in the UK is assessed GOV.UK. [online] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/guidance/risk-assessment-how-the-risk-of-emergencies-in-the-uk-is-assessed [Accessed 22 Mar. 2017]. Earthquake.usgs.gov. (2017). Introduction to the National Seismic Hazard Maps. [online] Available at: https://earthquake.usgs.gov/hazards/learn/ [Accessed 22 Mar. 2017]. Project-Management.com. (2017). What are the Components of Risk?. [online] Available at: https://project-management.com/what-are-the-components-of-risk/ [Accessed 22 Mar. 2017]. KPMG. (2017). Dynamic Risk Assessment. [online] Available at: https://home.kpmg.com/xx/en/home/services/audit/dynamic-risk-assessment.html [Accessed 22 Mar. 2017]. Brighthub Project Management. (2017). What Is a Risk Register? Explanation Free Template. [online] Available at: http://www.brighthubpm.com/risk-management/3247-creating-a-risk-register-a-free-excel-template/ [Accessed 22 Mar. 2017]. Smartdraw.com. (2017). Fault Tree Diagram What is a Fault Tree and Fault Tree Analysis?. [online] Available at: https://www.smartdraw.com/fault-tree/ [Accessed 22 Mar. 2017]. Theirm.org. (2017). Risk appetite and tolerance. [online] Available at: https://www.theirm.org/knowledge-and-resources/thought-leadership/risk-appetite-and-tolerance/ [Accessed 22 Mar. 2017]. Risk Control Strategies. (2017). Risk Control Strategies: Threat Security Solutions. [online] Available at: https://www.riskcontrolstrategies.com/ [Accessed 22 Mar. 2017].

Physics of Snowmachining :: physics snowmobile snowmachine

Whether zipping along a winding trail, flying through the open flats, or powering up a steep hill snowmachines and the rider need to use physics to stay in control of the machine and themselves. The main compenents are the track, engine, skis and riding. Snowmachine tracks are essential to making a snowmachine move. Ever since snowmachines first originated in the late 50's designers have been finding ways to improve traction in a variety of conditions. Some of these conditions are driving on groomed trails, not groomed trails, overflow, and deep snow. The very first snowmachines had tracks with very bad traction. But you must realize that they weren't driving in the same conditions snowmachines of today can handle. Old machines were limited to readily used trails and very little powder. The tracks used on the old machines looked like the one shown in the picture below. The traction, the little raised bits of rubber, was minimal and the tracks weren't very economical either. The first attempts at making a track was using steel, which was too heavy, and rubber, which was to flexible and brittle at cold temperatures. Eventually manufacturers found the key ingredients. Kevlar tracks with imbedded nylon strands to reinforce and improve strength. A kevlar track is now the standard in today's snowmachines. Another key ingredient to the track is the paddles. Paddles are the pieces coming off of the track itself, a picture these paddles is shown below. This is what provides the traction for the snowmachine to move. In today's market these paddles come in sizes ranging from 1 inch to 3 inches. The saying "bigger is better" does not hold true for these paddles though. When the paddles get to big the rotating mass actually bogs the machine down and reduces performance. Polaris Industries have found, through the use of physics and other tests, that the most efficient paddle length is 2.4 inches. This length gives the most grip in deep snow while still being semi-economical on trails. Snowmachine engines come in two types, two-stroke and four-stroke. Two stroke engines are simpler, lighter, and cheaper to manufacture then four-stroke engines, "plus two-stroke engines also have the potential to pack about twice the power into the same space because there are twice as many power strokes per revolution than in four-strokes". There are other advantages two-stroke engines have which include not having valves which lowers weight and eases construction.

Comparing the Hero in Sophocles Oedipus the King, Homers Odyssey, and

Heros in Sophocles' Oedipus the King, Homer's Odyssey, and Tan's Joy Luck Club      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In world literature, there are two types of archetypal protagonists, the mythic hero and the tragic hero. Mythic heroes, like Homer's Odysseus, represent the combination of superhuman virtues and human imperfections. These traits create a supernatural adventure with a realistic character. The mythic hero is favored by divine powers and eventually achieves a certain goal or completes a certain journey. On the other hand, there is the tragic hero, like Sophocles' Oedipus. The unfortunate tragic hero has a penchant for attempting to escape a doomed fate. The tragic hero lives under the shadow that the gods place. Literature throughout the expanse of time has hovered around the lives of the mythic and tragic heroes. Contemporary novel The Joy Luck Club explores these themes as well. The two characters, Lindo Jong and Ying-ying St. Clair, exemplify the polar extremes of mythic vs. tragic.    Both mythic heroes and tragic heroes must pass through a series of set obstacles and wind their way toward a certain goal. The major difference between the two archetypes is how the protagonist reaches the end. Mythic heroes transgress through their journey with optimism and a building sense of accomplishment. Tragic heroes operate on the slant of pessimism and failing attempts to escape from a worse fate. To put it more clearly, the mythic hero tries to run toward success, while a tragic hero tries to run away from failure. In this sense, the story's attitude, the protagonists' control on fate, and the divinely ordained sequence of events work together to form the type of hero that takes the lead.    Odysseus, hero of... ...ea House 1988 Graham, A. J.   "History and Heros," Princeton 1999 Homer. The Odyssey. Trans. Robert Fagles. New York: 1996 Lucas, D. W., ed. Aristotle: Poetics. Oxford: Oxford U-Clarendon P, 1968. Sophocles.   "Oedipus Rex."   An Introduction to Literature, 11th ed.Eds. Sylvan Barnet, et al.   New York: Longman, 1997. 800-836. Tan, Amy. The Joy Luck Club. Vintage Contemporaries. New York: A Division of Random House, Inc., 1991. Tracy, Stephen V., The story of the Hero. Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press, c1990.   PA4167 .T7 1990

Postmodern Theory: Critical Interrogations Essay -- Evolution, Social C

â€Å"Postmodern† is a complicated term, and so are â€Å"postmodernity†, â€Å"postmodernism† and â€Å"postmodernist†, and every other term one might come across in the way of evolution. According to Andreas Saugstad (2001) different postmodern theorists may have contrasting opinions and thinkers from different areas may have contrasting definitions of the term â€Å"postmodern†. Thus, the postmodern debates influenced the cultural and intellectual scene in many areas throughout the world. These terms have been used in literature, social studies, philosophy, arts and architecture. On the same hand on cultural level, discussions emerged whether modernism was dead or not and what kind of postmodernism was inheriting it. In the philosophical sphere, according to Steven Best and Douglas Kellner(1991), the erupted discussions were also concentrating on whether or not the traditions of modern philosophy had ended, and many theorists began pra ising a new postmodern philosophy related with Derrida, Jean-Francios Lyotard, Nietzsche, Baudrillard and more. Furthermore, the postmodern debates produced innovative, social and political theories, as well as theoretical struggles to define the multilayered postmodern phenomenon. On the other hand, according to The American Heritage Dictionary (1991) the postmodern can be described as â€Å"relating to art, literature and architecture, that reacts against earlier modernist principles, as by reintroducing traditional, classical or modernist elements of style to the extremes.† According to Steven Connor(1989) the â€Å"postmodern† terminology was firstly used by a number of writers in the 1950s and 1960s, however the concept can’t be said to have taken shape until the 1980s. As Hans Bertens(1995) poin... ...ations. 1st ed. Macmillan education ltd. London. Connor, S, 1989. Postmodern Culture: An introduction to theories of the contemporary. 2nd ed. Oxford: London University. The Free Dictionary. 2013. Postmodern. [online] Available at: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/postmodern [ Accessed on 05 November 2013] Andreas Saugstad, 2001. Postmodernism: What is it and What is wrong with it? [online] Available at: http://www.slideshare.net/sgummer/what-are-the-characteristics-of-postmodernism-and-its-faults [Accessed on 10 November 2013] Glossary Terms. 2003. Encyclopedia of Marxism. [online] Available at: http://www.marxists.org/glossary/terms/g/r.htm [Accessed on 10 November 2013] Vineet Prakash, 2007. Essay on Postmodernism. [online] Available at: http://www.preservearticles.com/201106127844/1125-words-free-sample-essay-on-post-modernism.html [Accessed on 08 November 2013]

Carpool: Automobile and Transportation Options Essay

For many Frederick County residents, commuting 1-2 hours a day to get to and from their DC area jobs is the norm. According to one Washington Post poll, â€Å"Washington-area residents spend nearly twice as long getting to work as people in the rest of the nation. They also get stuck in traffic jams three times more often than commuters in the rest of the country† (Ginsburg). Yet, most commuters in our area still prefer to drive themselves to work. When weighing the option to either drive yourself to work or carpool, it would be smart to consider the benefits and drawbacks of both, as well as to take an inventory of how each option fits your priorities, goals, and preferences. A carpool is made up of two or more people who share a ride. The obvious benefits of carpooling include reduced traffic congestion and improved air quality; while some of the more personal benefits of carpooling are: being able to relax or read while someone else drives, saving on the cost of gas, reducing wear and tear on your vehicle, and obtaining possible discounts on auto insurance (â€Å"Transportation Options†). It is also most likely to be faster, cheaper, cleaner, and less crowded than public transportation (Zimmerman). Recently, the Internet has made it easier to connect with locals that want to share a ride. Disadvantages of carpooling may include: having to ride with strangers (or putting yourself out there and making the effort to meet new people), not having the freedom to run errands on the way home if needed, and having to remember carpool etiquette (Zimmerman). People sharing rides typically live and/or work near each other and have a similar work schedule – which could be difficult to arrange (Yeager). One disadvantage of being a carpool driver is the potential legal action from passengers in the case of an accident. Although most metropolitan area carpool organizations these days offer a â€Å"guaranteed ride home† service of some sort (â€Å"Transportation Options†), you would need to find alternate transportation on a day when your carpool driver is sick or on vacation. Driving one’s own vehicle, the preferred method of getting where you need to go for decades now, has plenty of its own advantages and disadvantages of course. Advantages of driving yourself include: being in control of where you go and at what speed, the ability to have a conversation on speaker phone (hands-free, mind you) without having to worry about annoying or offending other passengers, and the ability to listen to your own music at whichever volume you desire. An article on Associated Content, a news Website for Yahoo, suggests that drivers may also choose their car over ride sharing because of conflicting schedules, unpredictable overtime, long hours, sudden demands and unexpected deadlines (Nyholm). One of the biggest disadvantages of commuting in your own car is the cost. The average cost of owning and operating a vehicle in 2009 was 54 cents per mile, or over $14,000 per year, according to AAA’s 2009 Edition of Driving Costs as listed on the Commuter Connections Website (â€Å"Transportation Options†). Even so, owning and driving a vehicle is somewhat of an American standard and a right of passage. Driving is a responsibility people take on with a sense of pride. Edward McDonagh, a Sociology professor who served as dean of the College of Social and Behavioral Sciences at Ohio State University, was once quoted as saying â€Å"The car has become a secular sanctuary for the individual, his shrine to the self, his mobile Walden Pond† (â€Å"Driving Quotes†). People love their cars so much that they are willing to keep on driving despite the expense, the high volume of traffic, and the adverse effects it may have on the planet. Carpooling is definitely more earth-friendly, while driving is obviously more self-satisfying for a multitude of reasons. It is important to think about where your priorities lie – whether or not you want to make more of an effort to go green, help reduce rush hour congestion, or save a little money and wear and tear on your car; or whether your life dictates that you have the freedom to come and go as you please. When deciding whether or not carpooling is right for you, it makes sense to explore each option, to compare all of the advantages and disadvantages of both driving yourself and carpooling, and to think about which best fits your lifestyle.