Existentialism in Camus and Kafka Essay

Franz Kafka’s The Metamorphosis and Albert Camus’ The Outsider, both feature protagonists in situations out of which arise existentialist values. Existentialism is a philosophy that emphasizes the uniqueness and isolation of the individual experience in a hostile or indifferent universe, regards human existence as unexplainable, and stresses freedom of choice and responsibility for the consequences of one’s acts. In The Metamorphosis the protagonist, Gregor Samsa, realizes his existentialism towards the end of the novella. In contrast, Monsieur Meursault, the protagonist in The Outsider, knows of his existentialism, only realizing his life’s lack of meaning moments after he is sentenced to death. Despite the somewhat absurd nature of The Metamorphosis, and the realistic nature of The Outsider, similar values are communicated to the reader. The easiest to pick out being that it is up to the individual to create his/her own life, and that the inhuman behaviour presented by both protagonists will eventually lead to very bad things; namely death in both novellas. These deaths are, however, very different, as are the methods through which Kafka and Camus have made each novel nothing but `a philosophy put into images’. Meursault (the narrator) in The Stranger only sees and only wants to see the absolute truth in society. The reader’s first encounter with him†¦ Mama died today. Or yesterday maybe, I don’t know. I got a telegram from the home: â€Å"Mother deceased. Funeral tomorrow. Faithfully yours. † That doesn’t mean anything. Maybe it was yesterday. †¦ immediately gives an impression of a lack of emotion towards the demise of his mother. This lack of emotion highlights the existentialist ideal that we all die, so it doesn’t matter what life we have while we are alive. We simply exist, as did Meursault. It becomes apparent, as the novella unfolds, that Meursault has acquired an animal like indifference towards society. His interactions with his neighbour Raymond are an example of his indifferences. It never dawns upon Meursault that society does not condone his interactions with the pimp, avoided by his community. Meursault simply acts to fill his time. Being a single man, he has a lot of time to fill, and finds the weekends passing particularly slowly. While the scene passes slowly before Meursault, Camus’ text flows quickly. He uses short sharp sentences to convey an atmosphere devoid of emotion or feeling. This is especially effective between pages 21 and 24, at the end of chapter two, when Meursault is giving a descriptive narrative of the life outside his window on a typical Sunday. He ends the chapter saying `†¦ one more Sunday was over†¦ nothing had changed. ‘ Existentialism is present in nearly all of Meursault’s interactions with society. One such piece of evidence supporting Meursault’s existentialism is his interaction with Marie. His association is merely sexual and physical. Meursault uses Marie to help him pass his time: he spends an entire Saturday with her. When questioned about love and marriage, Meursault’s replies show indifference through their nothingness. Meursault is existentialist to the extent that he couldn’t care less about the path his life (or lack of one) takes. The reader is constantly bombarded with short phrases revealing ever more Meursault’s worthless outlook on a worthless existence. Examples of this come in the form of Meursault confining himself to only one room in his apartment, his ignorance to social expectations, his mindless identification with old Salamano and his dog, and most importantly his disregard for human life and the consequences for the removal of it. As mentioned in the above definition of existentialism, it stresses the responsibility for ones own actions. When Meursault comes to trial for killing the Arab, he finally realises that he can’t take the responsibility. This is the main turning point as far as existentialism is concerned in The Outsider. Franz Kafka’s The Metamorphosis is equally as philosophical. The novella is written as a metaphor, with a very strong sense of vivid realism. The metaphor is for any situation in which someone tries to break free form a social norm, only to fall; failing to convince the society that his/her action is just. The protagonist, Gregor Samsa, brought society against him when he questioned his life as a travelling salesperson. Social expectations had put him in his place, but he decided, although the reader may assume quite subconsciously, that it was not the place for him. His wish to remove all social burdens from his shoulders is first illustrated to him through his transformation into a `monstrous vermin. ‘ The protagonist was the narrator in The Outsider, a man who told the story of his demise from existentialism, only to find he needed a life just before his chances were taken away. The Metamorphosis, on the other hand, is narrated on the third person, where the reader receives an unbiased view of Gregor Samsa’s attempts to become existentialist. Where Camus used short `to the point’ statements to show existentialism, Kafka has filled his novella with colourful descriptive literal language, in an attempt to point out the depth in any situation, such as Gregor’s many squirming legs, his visualisation of his room becoming ever smaller and ever more bland, and the descriptive nature with which the fatal apple becomes lodged in Gregor’s back and eventually allows him to die. The Outsider’s Meursault is existentialist, finding a need for a meaning to life only when his is about to be taken. In The Metamorphosis, Gregor Samsa, on the other hand, has a meaning to his life, and wishes it away. The gradual move towards existentialism in Kafka’s novella runs throughout, from the moment Gregor wakes up as a bug; until the moment he breaths no more. Gregor shows that he knows his life has meaning when at the beginning of the novella he is more concerned about how he will fulfil his social purpose than what he will do about being a bug. Albert Camus said that `we get into the habit of living before acquiring the habit of thinking. In that race which daily hastens us towards death, the body maintains its irreparable lead. ?In The Metamorphosis, Gregor thinks about his position, throwing his body into dismay, eventually leading to his death. As Gregor is further shunned by society for not conforming, represented in the novella quite dramatically by Gregor being a dung beetle among humans, he starts to forget any shred of meaning his life can have. He searches beyond his room for a meaning to life, but the further he ponders, the harder society hits him. `You will never be happy if you continue to search for what happiness consists of. You will never live if you are looking for the meaning of life. ?Gregor realized his existentialism taking him over, as he gave his life to the destiny he had for it created. Having read both novellas, a reader could come to the conclusion that both feature a definite theme of existentialism, while The Outsider is centred on a protagonist who recognises the need to change from existentialism, and The Metamorphosis around one that recognises existentialism’s presence in society. At the end of each, the protagonist either dies or is awaiting death. The deaths are brought about by a destiny the Meursault thought he couldn’t change, and Gregor brought upon himself. Meursault realised too late that he wouldn’t be able to take responsibility for his actions. It was only when he was forced by the trial to delve into his memory (something that he had little use for as an existentialist) that he recognised how he had shaped his own end. Life did have meaning to him then, and his was: †¦ only to wish that there be a large crowd of spectators the day of my execution and that they greet me with cries of hate. Gregor Samsa allowed his life to end upon realising that he was free from society, but also that existentialism rendered him useless. Before his death, his `indifference to everything was much too deep for him to have gotten on his back and scrubbed himself clean†¦ ?From Gregor’s point of view, Franz Kafka was correct in saying `A first sign of the beginning of understanding is the wish to die. ‘ The end of The Outsider sees a man ready to start again, but ready too late. The conclusion of The Metamorphosis, however, serves not only to allow the Samsa family a chance to start again, but also to highlight that even following Gregor’s horrific ordeal his family will put Gregor’s sister through the same process that lead Gregor to his death. Gregor’s sister’s life is given a meaning, and the reader often hopes that she recognises it and respects it. The Metamorphosis highlights that one must engage in social interaction to have a meaning in life, while portraying the grim hopelessness of a life determined by social interaction. The Outsider, on the other hand, follows an idea that quietly not conforming will only hurt oneself. An existentialist might argue that to hurt oneself would not matter, in hurting oneself (especially the way in which Meursault did by killing the Arab); one is giving one’s life a meaning. Even if that meaning is sufferance, the agony will still end one day, as it is destined to, removing all meaning from all life. The two novellas give an honest outline of existentialism, and give, in both cases, existentialism the negative property that it leads to death. The authors were both highly regarded by their respective peers. Camus was existentialist, and Camus referred to Kafka as an absurdist-existentialist. Both have produced works bringing to light the grim reality of existentialism, yet neither has created an advertisement for it. It could even be said that the novellas where written to give meaning to the lives of the authors, and to stop society taking the roads of the protagonists. After all, who wants their indifference to change only when they’re threatened with lawful murder? And who wants to die a worthless bug? words:1668.

Ethnic Drinking Subcultures

Ethnic DrinkiETHNIC DRINKING SUBCULTURES by Andrew M. Greeley, WilliamC. McCready and Gary Theisen Chapter One (Page 1-14) Says : Cultures have been able to integrate drinking into a religious and symbolic context. Irish tend to have a serious drinking problem with drinking; Jews and Italians do not. There are two psychological explanations to be found for alcoholism-cultural and psychological. In a culture in which the demands for male supportiveness are high and there is low support for assertiveness in the male role, the author argues that drinking increases in men at least.The author also discuss the influence of drinking socialization on drinking patterns. Does : It provides the background knowledge required to understand the contents of the book. It introduces the proposition through specialized, concrete and qualitative premises. Chapter Three (Page 36-52) Says : Different cultures are evaluated on the he characteristics of power and support. The Irish and Italians are high on power and support, while the Swedes and Jews are low.Italians and Jews are high on support than are Irish and Swedes. On this basis, it can expected that the groups would rank themselves in terms of alcohol consumption in the following order : irish, Swedes, Italians, Jews. Thus, there is a striking difference in the drinking environment of each drinking group. Does : It provides reasons in support of the proposition. It provides concrete and qualitative examples. It also provides several descriptive examples and qualitative evidence.Chapter Six (Page 83-89) Says : The chapter examines whether the different ethnic groups may have different ‘addiction' subcultures. The Irish may drink more because they have an ‘oral dependency' subculture. While various groups do not differ enormously in their adolescent years in their levels of drug consumption, young people from the different groups seem to find their way into peer-group environments where the propensity to abuse alcoh ol and drugs is high.Does : It provides several specialized and concrete research findings. It introduces several implications of the proposition. Chapter Eight (Page 95-101) Says : There are different drinking subcultures among ethnic groups studied, which influence the drinking behavior and ones propensity to have drinking problems. These cultures are remarkably durable, persisting across generations. Does : It provides a conclusion for the book, and highlights the most important facts related to drinking and ethnicity.

Pervasiveness of Marketing

Vital marketing decisions are made by every business; but as important as it is to make the right business decision†¦ it is essential that marketing professionals understand how their marketing impacts our social values. There are several different ways that marketers get their message across to potential customers(1), each marketing communications tool can have different effects on us. Marketing is intrusive, businesses are constantly trying to push their brands in our faces†¦ we barely process one piece of information before the next one comes shooting our way. The pervasiveness marketing has undoubtedly influenced our mind-set and behaviour†¦ a disposable culture creeps closer to becoming reality. It’s because our buyer behaviour is image based, we care about how others see us more than how we see ourselves. This hugely changes our views on society; contemporary marketing has made us believe that we are what we buy, and that the brands we own†¦ are a direct reflection of us. Marketing is an integral business function, but is hardly respected. It continually aims to stimulate demand which leads to new customers†¦ and that leads to more market share. No longer can marketing be tunnel visioned in it’s pursuit for brand awareness. Certain companies have mastered the AIDA model and can use their understanding on countless consumers, the Sony Bravia advert with the bouncing balls(2) went through the whole cycle from attention all the way to stimulating action†¦ making them buy products they didn’t particularly need in the first place. Point-Of-Sale cues are used relentlessly and marketers are accused of not looking at how their decisions impact broader society. Our social values are changing to customers being more self-centred and buying everything that suits them. Our social values include friends, who we want to have a good time with. But playing on the back of our heads constantly, is how cool we think we look, have we impressed our friends? Do we have the right clothes on? Do we have the right phone? As I mentioned, we think that the brands we own are a reflection of us†¦ so we try and buy the right products, not only to suit our personalities; but to fit in. There is one thing that hugely influences our social values, and that’s technology(3). A wireless world is slowly becoming more of an actuality as time goes on. The internet, as enthralling as it may be, has made people ess sociable and more secluded. Perhaps one of the most important social values is quality time with our families; this is not possible if we are glued to the monitor during dinner time. In the past, dinner meant the whole family sitting around a table, having a laugh and eating to their hearts content. The internet has cut into this social value and is influencing young minds. But it’s been a fantastic medium for communication and a brilliant source for information. Both ways can be argued. Advances in technology will introduce location based advertising in the future(4), this makes us even more reliant on technology. This means that where ever we are, we will be targeted by businesses†¦ which directly impact our social lives; making us shop instead of talk to those we may know in the area. The whole notion of positioning is based upon understanding the consumer†¦ not society, making us feel like we can familiarise ourselves with the brand, so that it doesn’t feel like marketing but instead feels like a developing relationship. Segmenting customers is a common marketing tool used when it comes to deciding on a target market. But it has huge disadvantages on society; a common way for segmentation to take place is with airlines. First class, business class and economy are forms of segmenting the market. Customers who have high disposable income doesn’t necessarily have to fly first class†¦ but the positioning of first class in the consumers mind communicates the message that if you can afford it, go for it. First class passengers have made the association that flying in luxury means they are successful and are respected. When in realness, they simply have more money than the average person. Economy flyers are made to think that they are normal, nothing special, but some of them could actually be successful. Some of them may have significantly advanced in their careers, and may have even helped the world! The social values of first class travellers has changed into looking down on other passengers who aren’t flying first class†¦ the feeling of self accomplishment is just an illusion created by marketing. There are other marketing tools which de-individualises customers and sees them as groups and not individuals. An example of this is the postcode analysis, this influences the social values of consumers into thinking that they are only as good as the people who live near them. Marketing professionals need to start respecting customers as customers, and they need to understand the uniqueness of each individual consumer. There is a really important marketing tool that can assess how much marketers are impacting our social values. Businesses can construct a PESTEL analysis of themselves to gain a better understanding of what is in their way†¦ and what they need to take into account before implementing any marketing decisions. MOSAIC is another segmentation tool used by marketers to decide exactly how to target their target market. This generalises too much and doesn’t see customers as individuals, but as titles. There is one main point that marketing critics’ keep bringing up. They see branding as being misleading to consumers, that the associations made with the product or service is just an illusion†¦ and doesn’t reflect the actual quality of the product or service itself(5). Marketers definitely need to take this into account when taking care of brand management. However an argument against this is that branding gives people confidence, it helps consumers see themselves in a desirable light when owning a particular brand. It makes them feel like they are a part of something, this positive feeling surely can’t be criticised. An example of a business who tries to create a strong association is Disney. Their chain of ‘Magic Happens’ adverts definitely play on our emotional strings(6). They play on portraying the dreamy effect with their brand communication, which withholds powerful emotional appeals. Disney sells an experience, something intangible. This works really well when it comes to targeting children, the imagination of a child is endless†¦ with hardly any limits. However this really affects children’s social values, making them almost worship Disney characters. Ultimately, this makes the children think that going to Disney Land is described as ‘a dream come true’; taking their minds off of the important things in life. Another example is Coca Cola. Their marketing strategy relies on making the consumer feel satisfaction when drinking Coke, making the consumer feel refreshed†¦ and ‘happy’. The Coke slogan is ‘Open coke. Open happiness’(7). The association that will be made is definitely an emotional one, and will make customers feel like someone when they drink a can of coke in front of people. This is probably the brand that endangers our social values the most, due to the obvious reason that happiness is achieved through success or through a positive social encounter. Not from drinking Coke, this is nothing more than a positioning strategy. Behavioural psychology explains the laws of classical and operant conditioning. This has been used by many businesses in order to condition a specific response from a customer. Classical conditioning can be, and has been used in various advertisements; in order to create lasting associations that will be profitable to the business. A psychologist called Pavlov tests classical conditioning in one of he’s experiments(8), and since then, he has influenced the use of he’s findings by many marketers. An example of this is McDonalds, the first time we heard the famous McDonalds short and snappy jingle we didn’t know what to make of it. But after a few more adverts we made the association between the jingle and the slogan ‘I’m lovin’ it’(9). Whilst this association was being made, you can visualise the McDonalds logo and any images they want you to see. The general feel of the adverts are happy and upbeat. With time, our association became so strong, that all McDonalds do now is play the jingle, and we all say or think ‘I’m lovin’ it’. This then becomes our unconditioned response to the jingle, which started off as being a neutral stimulus. So as you can see, classical conditioning is a powerful tool that marketers use, and we have attempted to create an advert; whilst trying to apply the laws of classical conditioning. Customers are almost hypnotised into thinking exactly what McDonalds wants them to think. This changes our social values into being more self-centred, making us seek pleasure for ourselves and gets rid of the whole idea of togetherness and sharing. The psychodynamic approach in psychology was devised by Sigmund Freud, an influential figure in psychology. He said that our conscious thoughts and actions are influenced by unconscious drives, such as the sex drive(10). Marks and Spencer food adverts take advantage of this idea. The woman speaking in the background speaks in a soft, sensual voice making it seem the food should be eaten in an intimate way(11)†¦ which almost makes us think their selling sex. According to the psychodynamic approach, our unresolved child issues and our sex drive will influence our conscious behaviour†¦ which is to ultimately buy the food. Marketers need to be very careful with this type of advertising; it’s almost as if the consumers are not in control of what they like. Our social values may have been having a laugh with friends of the opposite gender, but due to this kind of psychological approach to advertising†¦ it may unwillingly effect the perception of the customer. Using psychological approaches in adverts is legal, but it doesn’t mean it’s moral. The mind-set of the customer changes, their perception changes and so their behaviour changes; this can be seen as immoral. Companies ensure they put all side effects of certain products on the packaging†¦ but when are marketers going to actually take into account the side effects of their own decisions? If a certain type of marketing impacts broader society too much, and stimulates demand to an extent that the environment will suffer†¦ the marketers should definitely take it easy and refrain from these types of activities. Every career needs to work towards a better world to live in; this is what morality is all about. ‘The strategic business function that creates value by stimulating, facilitating and fulfilling customer demand’(12)†¦ this is on of the definitions of marketing. But how will consumer sovereignty affect this? The old definition was meeting customer needs profitably, customers may decide what will be produced or on the other hand marketers may decide what consumers should be interested in. It all depends on how society is looked after by marketers, and how society reacts to marketing decisions. Our social values stems from how society operates and how society holds up against continual marketing activities. The decisions that marketers make impact society hugely, it can increase demand and can decrease demand. McDonalds have been successful at stimulating demand, due to this they have had to create 4000 new jobs(13). But even though more demand means success to a marketer, there is always backlash. There is ‘a protest against the promotion of junk food, the unethical targeting of children, exploitation of workers, animal cruelty, damage to the environment and the global domination of corporations over our lives. Marketing strategies are successful at making a profit, but it’s time marketing professionals look after the society which they themselves are a part of. Not necessarily societal marketing, but just using some of the concepts of this type of marketing. I think that it’s a personal challenge to each and every one of us to act and speak in a way which doesn’t reflect the conditioned responses that marketing and movies have created. Our social values echo our personality and what we hold close to our hearts; marketing professionals can change or strengthen this. That means reliability is a necessity as a marketer. References http://inventors.about.com/od/timelines/a/ModernInvention.htm http://www.e-lba.com/ELBA%20Overview%20english.pdf http://nobelprize.org/educational_games/medicine/pavlov/readmore.html http://www.textart.ru/database/slogan/fast-food-advertising-slogans.html http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/freud.html

W4-Q Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Macroeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Macroeconomics - Essay Example And this is manifested in the steepness of the curves. As shown above at current utility U1, consumer A3 appears to be more aggressive and impatient compared to consumer A1. That is A3 is consuming 60,000 units now compared to A1 at about 36,000 units with the prevailing interest rates. If everybody moves in the direction of the arrow, which is more time and consumption in the future, then the same scenario is replicated with a marginal change of current consumption. (Balvers, Cosimano & McDonald, 1109-1128) Interest rate can also determine the opportunities of investment. Investment has the purpose of creating future wealth for utilization at that time. Thus considering that one can invest by either a past saving or current borrowing, a saving is composed of one net income less what is consumed. Also in order for one to be able to be wealthy in the future, from a borrowed capital point of view, they will need to have paid the tax on the borrowing with the accrued interest. There after the value of the wealth will ALSO be on the market price plus the principal sum that has been paid back. Consider the diagram below. (Balvers, Cosimano & McDonald, 1109-1128) When we have lower interest rate savings, we are likely to accumulate more wealth for future consumption or for further investment from the decent returns. The concave curve moves outward as shown above. However when we have a higher rate of interest borrowing there will be a lower rate of wealth created for future consumption. The concave curve moves inwards to the left. The two diagrams are now superimposed as shown below. (Balvers, Cosimano & McDonald, 1109-1128) The next point is to establish the optimal point at which interest rates determine the consumption and the investment simultaneously. The aim is to achieve increased wealth utility (consumptions) with

Interactions of hazardous materials Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Interactions of hazardous materials - Essay Example minimized chances of interaction of the identified hazardous chemical with humid environment in the air (United States of America department of transport, 2012). In this case, I will use the sand and soil to cover the chemical to prevent any reaction between the chemical and the air that can lead to fire outbreak. Moreover, to prevent chemical reaction in the scene, I will also ensure that, the spraying activity in the nearby large irrigation field is stopped to minimize the level of humidity in the air. After minimizing risks of fire explosion and chemical reactions, I will request for external assistance from the community and community fire department. As I wait for external aid, I will put into place several restraint measures to prevent the unpredictable danger. To start with, I will ensure there is no contact between the identified chemical and the environment. This will reduce chemical reactions that can cause fire. Secondly, I will demarcate the area to protect people from tampering with the water reactive materials. Thirdly, for my personal safety, I will ensure that I have completely covered my body with a piece of cloth in order to minimize chance of body contact with the chemical (Manahan, 2012). Additionally, I will also make sure that, I have fully protected my respiratory systems to prevent inhalation of dangerous chemicals. To prevent any casualties in the accident scene, I will as well advice the incoming community members to avoid being closer to the incidence site. I will as well inform the community members about the presence of a dangerous chemical in the accident scene. Moreover, since I do not have emergency response guidebook and cell phone, I will inform the incoming drivers to inform the community fire department on the presence and nature of the incidence. To ensure maximum security in the area, I will also inform the community member to alert the police officers about the accident. Additionally, to minimize cases of fire outbreak, I

Conveyancing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Conveyancing - Essay Example The entire such rights vest legally in a person only on registration. The registration procedure, therefore, places an official "seal" on a person's rights in fixed property. "Fixed property" is any land, whether enhanced or not such as a house, farm or sectional title flat. A conveyancing deal involves a chain of steps which begins with the deeds of sale and which continues throughout to the vital registration of ownership and the resolution of money and payments (BRACTON, H. de,2002). A conveyancer is considered as such by the High Court after having concluded a particular qualifying examination. In totaling, only a person who has been considered by the High Court as an Attorney, may perform as a conveyancer. the entire conveyancers are so, also attorneys (BRIDGMAN, o.,2004). To be considered, the person has to entire the requisite academic studies (typically four or more years for the obligatory law degree), then a stage of "articles" or labor in a law-office for the required familiarity and then an wide practical test. If the skilled attorney wishes to follow in the highly technical branch of the law commerce with fixed property, he or she has to do rigorous study of a large number of Acts of Parliament, regulations, High Court verdicts along with verdicts by Registrars of Deeds linking to fixed property. Then he or she has to surpass a conveyancing examination. Only after transitory this inspection will the High Court permit the attorney to carry out as a conv eyancer. Who can do conveyancing work' There are three options to get conveyancing done: - licensed conveyancer - solicitor - do it yourself. Before start organising conveyancing, it's essential to execute groundwork foremost. Who appoints a conveyancer' In South Africa, the customary practice is for the vendor to sign up a conveyancer for a assets deal, though this, like further aspects of a trade contract, can be assorted as a outcome of cooperation among the parties (BRITTON, 2005). The buyer may also hire a conveyancer to counsel him or her, but such charges will be larger than and over the conveyancing costs submitted by the seller's conveyancer, who will be performing the real transfer. Using a conveyancer In many countries, conveyancers ought to be licensed with the Office of Fair Trading. The majority conveyancers grasp an unlimited licence that allows them to carry out the complete range of conveyancing job for housing, business and rustic assets. Conveyancers are licensed to do legal job such as preparing documents, providing legal counsel on contracts and explaining the problems (BROOKE, R., 2002). Before a person chooses to utilize an exacting conveyancer, make sure if they are licensed with high court foremost. Licensed conveyancers should have expert guarantee indemnity to defend clients in case they build a blunder or are neglectful in their work.If they are deceitful with the money have entrusted to them, usually client may has right to use to the reimbursement Fund administered by the Office of Fair trading. Using a solicitor No doubt conveyancers and solicitors are evenly capable to perform conveyancing

The Third World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Third World - Essay Example The political conditions of many of these countries are extremely unstable, like in Somalia and Afghanistan, leading to the conditions described as ‘failed states’. Such unstable political picture also in turn leads to failing economic conditions which in turn give rise to increase in chaos and antisocial activities in the country, thus showing deteriorating social conditions. Developed countries on the other hand, show strong and stable economic and political conditions. The social conditions of these developed countries are extremely good with all sorts of facilities readily available to all its citizens. Health infrastructure is very well developed and population rate low. Basic education is made available to all people whose lifestyles show a certain standard of living. Kuznets analyses the differences between a developing and a developed country and tells us â€Å"the former have no ‘middle’ classes: there is a sharp contrast between the preponderant p roportion of the population whose average income is below the generally low countrywide average, and a small top group with a very large relative income excess. The developed countries on the other hand are characterized by a much more gradual rise from a low to high income shares†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (cited in Fields, 60). Asian, African and Latin American countries generally are clubbed together to form the developing countries. Canadian, American, European countries along with Japan are generally treated as the developed countries. However many developing countries are now progressing fast and are catching up with the developed countries. These include China, India, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan and the oil rich Middle East countries. The origins and importance of the liberal/orthodox approach to the study of the third world, exemplified by modernization theory and its strengths and

Science, Genetics, and human identity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Science, Genetics, and human identity - Essay Example Some of the claims that can be evaluated and assessed with the use of scientific literacy include environmental degradation such as global warming, as well as the introduction of genetically modified organization. Scientific literacy should be studied since it affects numerous aspects of human life as will be discussed in the paper. It can be studied, as well as acquired through experiences. This paper will respond to the issue of scientific literacy and provide an argument as to what the concept entails. The question that the paper will primarily focus on is; Why is scientific literacy an issue that warrants scientific inquiry and what can be learned from this concept? In my opinion, there are numerous changes in the natural world that are taking place on a daily basis and these changes should be understood scientifically. Such an understanding can only be gained through scientific literacy, which helps people to interpret natural phenomenon and make sense of what is taking place in the world. Literacy in science encourages curiosity, and as a result, people are able to learn many things and make predictions of natural concepts and events. Moreover, scientifically literate persons have the ability to make points of view and come up with ideas that can be said to be scientific. Scientific literacy enables people to assess whether information is of good quality by evaluating where the information came from and the strategies employed while generating this information. Various publications have been made about science. From these publications, it is evident that science matters a lot and scientific literacy entails the knowledge that helps a person to understand issues that affect the public. In addition, scientific literature is essential in enabling a person to put new developments that have been experienced in the world into action and categorize them to the context they belong. It is true that the exposure of Americans to science is minimal and they

LAND LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

LAND LAW - Essay Example He was not regular in visiting his property since he purchased it in year 1952, when he had asked his seller to plant Christmas trees on the land with the idea of harvesting it in later years. However, he could not tend to his land since he was posted at Bonn between the years 1955 to 1967. Subsequent to his return, between the years 1967-1972, the McFarlane’s could make few visits to the property site, but it was clear that his interest in his property was waning. The McFarlanes did not suspect that their land was under the possession of Powell until, in 1972, they noticed the new fencing on their land, which gave rise to suspicion in their minds that perhaps all was not well regarding their claims to the stated property. Powell brought action stating that he was in adverse possession of the said disputed land since 12 years from the period 1960 to1972.In order to substantiate this statement, he had to prove that he had actual possession and control over the said land for the last 12 years. The facts, as observed by Slade J, were that for a person to be in possession, whether legal or illegal, he should be able to bring action for trespass, against any trespasser or squatter, who comes into the said land, without his permission. This is except in the case of a person who has a better title to the land then what he himself has.. In other words, he had to maintain animus possidendi.This means that, when the law has to attribute possession of a land to person who does not have paper title on the said land, he must be in a position to prove that he has both the factual possession as well as the requisite intention to possess the said land. (Farlane 1977). The main issue in the event of alleged possession is that the squatter is dealing with the land as though it is his own, and in a manner that would be used by the true owner, and nobody else. The essence of animus posited is that the squatter, in his own

Organizational Development Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Organizational Development - Assignment Example Advocates of TQM hold that the goal of customer satisfaction is achieved through top management commitment to creating an organizational climate that empowers employees and focuses all efforts on the goal of customer satisfaction. A positive relationship between leadership and commitment, and employee empowerment (leading to job satisfaction) with customer satisfaction is assumed. Both the trade and academic literatures on TQM suggest many different top leadership strategies and practices for empowering or involving employees in quality-related decision-making processes. However, few empirical studies, outside of the Malcolm Baldridge Award program, have been done to sufficiently document these relationships and to determine which of the many suggested strategies and practices are effective in bringing about the intended results (employee empowerment, job satisfaction, and superior customer satisfaction). The objective of this study is to provide empirical assessment of the assumed relationship between top management leadership and commitment, employee empowerment, job satisfaction, and customer satisfaction. ... Another objective is to provide empirical assessment for the TQM-based literature. Literature review In almost all of the TQM literature, employee involvement, empowerment, and top management leadership and commitment are identified as crucial elements of a successful TQM program (Bowen, Siehl, & Schneider, 1989; Brower, 1994; Camp, 1989; Deming, 1982; Mendelowitz, 1991; Roberts, 1994; Senge, 1994). Lawler (1994) referred to employee empowerment as one of the most important tenets of TQM. Thomas and Velthouse (1990) define empowerment "as intrinsic task motivation that manifests itself in four cognitions reflecting an individual's orientation to his or her work roles." By intrinsic task motivation, they mean "positively valued experiences that an individual derives directly from a task that produce motivation and satisfaction." The four cognitions they identified are meaningfulness, competence, impact, and choice. Meaningfulness is the value of the task goal or purpose in relation to the individual's own ideals or standards, and competence is the degree to which a person can perform task activities skillfully. Impact, on the other hand, is the degree to which behavior is seen as making a difference in terms of accomplishing the purpose of the task, while choice is the causal responsibility for a person's actions. A more operational-level and process-oriented definition of empowerment was offered by Bowen and Lawler (1992). They define empowerment "as sharing with front-line employees information about an organization's performance, information about rewards based on the organization's performance, knowledge that enables employees to understand and contribute to organizational performance, and giving

Gender and Sex Worksheet Essay Example for Free

Gender and Sex Worksheet Essay What is gender? What is sex in biological terms? Are gender and sex the same thing? Explain why or why not? Gender is a subclass within a grammatical class (as noun, pronoun, adjective, or verb) of a language that is partly arbitrary but also partly based on distinguishable characteristics (as shape, social rank, manner of existence, or sex) and that determines agreement with and selection of other words or grammatical forms (Merriam-Webster). Biological term for sex is ones biological classification as male or female which is set into motion at the moment the sperm ertilizes the egg (Intro To Sociology, 2009). Gender and Sex in my opinion are not the same. Sex refers to the biological and physiological characteristics that define men and women, gender refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviors, activities, and attributes that a given society considers appropriate for men and women. How do gender and sex contribute to the concepts and constructions of masculinity and femininity? According to Planned Parenthood Federation of America Inc (2013), â€Å"Culture determines gender roles and what is masculine and feminine. What does it mean to be a woman or man? Whether we are women or men is not determined just by our sex organs. Our gender includes a complex mix of beliefs, behaviors, and characteristics. How do you act, talk, and behave like a woman or man? Are you feminine or masculine, both, or neither? These are questions that help us get to the core of our gender and gender identity. † Do our concepts of gender and sex contribute to the ways we embrace gender and sex in diversity? Yes, I do feel that our concepts of gender and sex contribute to the ways we embrace gender and sex in diversity. I feel that we look at males as the ones who are supposed to be the readwinner, the rough and tough kind of person and we look at females as the ones who are supposed to be the sweet and kind caregiver at home taking care of the house and kids and being the emotional one, when it can be the other way around. Do our concepts of gender and sex contribute to our understanding of sexual orientation? Explain. Yes, I feel that our concepts of gender and sex contribute to our understanding of sexual orientation in many ways. We have a understanding of what each gender is and what they provide, causing us to make a decision on who we want to be with in life.

Business Plan For A Handicraft Business In UK Marketing Essay

Business Plan For A Handicraft Business In UK Marketing Essay INTRODUCTION The objective of this report is to study and prepare the business plan for a handicraft business in UK. This business plan deals with the feasibility analysis, idea generation, and industry analysis at both the local and global level to understand the market and business factors. The market analysis is also done, primarily through the secondary sources to capture the potential demand of handicrafts in the UK market and the trends which the customer are looking for in this industry. After analyzing the demand, the technical analysis was done for the business. For the success of any business, it is necessary that the idea or the basis of the plan should be strong. But it is also imperative that the plan should take into account a true picture of financials to have a strong foundation on which the business can be built upon. Therefore in the report, a detailed preparation of cash flow analysis, profitability analysis and the expected expenditure in the business has been taken care of. The report has taken into consideration the risk factor also which the business needs to consider before commencing on the work. Handicraft is a business which needs not only financial capital but also human capital and it is necessary that skilled labour is available in plenty. The attrition rate is low in this industry provided they are provided with adequate support and wages. In the report I have tried to touch upon that issue as well. Also the manner in which the products would be sold and promoted in the market would be taken care of. We would not be opening our own stores for now and would be selling on to other retailers. However the idea of opening the stores is not discarded as whole for now and would be seen as an option at a later stage in the life of the business. Heavy spending is planned to promote the products in the initial phase of the business and various media vehicles would be tried upon to promote the products well in the market. The business as of now focusing primarily on the UK market and later on in the later stage, the business can be expanded further. Contents Introduction Handicraft Industry The handicraft industry is one of the most productive sectors in the economy. The reason being that this sector not only uses the raw materials but also give employment opportunities to a number of people. Thus not only financial capital and raw material is employed but also a lot of human capital is also used in this business (Garrison, 2008). According to United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) International Symposium on à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Crafts and the International Market: Trade and customs codificationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , Manila, Philippines, October 1997. Handicrafts can be defined as products which are produced either completely by hand or with the help of tools. Mechanical tools may be used as long as the direct manual contribution of the artisan remains the most substantial component of the finished product. Handicrafts are made from the raw materials and can be produced in unlimited numbers. Such products can be utilitarian, aesthetic, cultural, artistic and may have a social, religious and symbolic significance (Robertson, 2002). Industry Analysis UK has been a country with a rich and diverse culture. Lot of migrant population also resides in various parts of the country. It is because of this that handicraft industry has played an important role in this country. The industry provides economic advantage much because of the demand from various strata of the population (Mathias, 2001). Handicrafts have always attracted people much because of their cultural importance and it crosses barriers too. The customers in any market look for handicrafts from not only the local market but also from the other countries (Barlow, 1991). Therefore both the cultural and financial values are attached to this industry. This industry by its mass and production scale lies in the middle class as not much finance and manufacturing facilities are needed in this business. The industry is decentralized and is labour intensive. Not many players fight in this market and only small players operate in this area. The sector employs a lot of people and thus acts as a medium of employment for lot of people. The sector has seen an increase in growth much due to the fact that people have been more open to the culture of other countries and are accepting it more often. The era of globalization has helped in the revival of this industry not only in the UK market but also in other markets too (Andrews , 2009). Classification of Handicrafts Industry Handicraft products can be distinguished into the following: Metal ware Wood ware Hand printed textiles Embroidered and crocheted goods Shawls Carpets Embroidered goods Bamboo products Zari goods Earthenware and jute products Miscellaneous handicrafts SWOT Analysis of Handicraft Industry Strengths Market is diversified and has huge potential Presence of large product variety because of various cultures Low capital investment Flexibility in production of goods as per market demand Low barriers to the entry of new players Products sold are high value ones and have diversified usage Weakness Lack of coordination between government bodies and companies Inadequate information on the current market trends Lack of skilled labour Opportunities Development of domestic tourism sector which helps in boosting sales. Usage of internet and other technologies in boosting the market potential Rising demand because of people becoming more open to cultures Threats Lack of branding opportunities in this sector Threats from the developing countries like India and China in terms of resources Business Proposition We would be dealing in the limited set of handicraft industry as many products come under its purview. Our company would serve the needs of the customers in only the wooden handicrafts market. The reason for choosing this is that in UK market these products are used almost in every home. Products like decorative chairs, desks, beds, sofas which are made by hand are seen as high value products in the market as customers look for something different. Particularly for the UK customer, they need products which not only serve their functional purpose but also add something extra. It is with this that we plan to enter in this industry with this specific set of products. Wooden handicrafts refer to a wide range of wooden items carrying utilitarian and artistic value that are made by hand o with the use of simple tools. They are made by unmatched workmanship, have fine designs and have subtle elegance. The products require low capital investment to manufacture. The wooden handicraft sector provides a high ratio of value addition and has emerged as one of the major sources of foreign exchange in the country too. (Sumption, 2010) Market Analysis Majority of the current players in the market deal in almost all the product categories in the wooden handicraft industry. (Macleod, 2006) Retailing is not done by them and they deal in mostly the production part. They have retailing contracts with other partners which help them sell the products Monthly production units are majorly in the range of thousands of units for all the products combined Wooden and glass handicrafts are majorly in demand in the UK market. (John, 2006) Inventories are usually kept low as these products are sold and produced in lower units in the market. Almost all the players in the market hire the labor at a contractual basis rather than on a permanent basis. Many of the players take the route of exhibition to promote their products to the customers. (Mathias, 2001) These products are high margin products as they are mainly value based ones. Hence high margin and medium volume is generally the trend in the industry Competition The following players currently operate in the market and sell wooden handicrafts in the market. World Art and Crafts Ltd. Java Art Elements Ltd. Demand Analysis and Forecasting During our study we also analysed the demand pattern for the various products in the wooden handicraft market and it came to around 50000 units per month on approximation. There is a demand supply gap in the market as according to our supply the current players in the market are able to provide close to 30000 units only. Hence we consider a huge potential to be catch up in the market.(Boseley,2009) The market is growing closely at an annual rate of 15%. Hence it is decided that the capacity would be initially 60% for the first year and then it will grow accordingly. Marketing Channel As mentioned before, our business involves only manufacturing the products. Therefore we would use a network of retailers called partners to sell our products in the market. These would be mainly big retailers like WalMart, Tesco etc. Strategic Marketing Plan Wooden handicraft particularly the furniture part is an unbranded commodity and hence manufacturers generally do not have to spend too much on the promotional part. It is better for them to increase the margin given to the retailers so that they push the company product more in front of the customers. However in order to differentiate our offering and to capture the customer base, it is necessary to have a basic strategic marketing plan. The following would be the strategies used by us: Steady supply with timely delivery to fulfill the demand in the market thereby providing products with high quality Products would be given emphasis on the design front. Designs would be based on several themes Orders would also be taken online from the customers apart from being available in the retail The company plans to both manufactures the products locally in the UK market as well as import some of it from the Indian market. Indians play a vital role in UK both in terms of trade and demographics and thus there is a market to serve the Indian community. The other reasons to source the products from India are: The demand for Indian wooden handicrafts is evergreen. It is both difficult for the labour in UK to produce these handicrafts as the design in Indian art work is quite intricate. Hence it is decided that some portion of our products would be sourced directly from the Indian producers, mainly based in states like Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh. Indian being a developing country, both the labour and raw materials are quite cheap as compared to other developed countries. Hence it makes sense to outsource some of the production work. Indian artisans are well known around the world. British make a major portion of the people visiting India every year and hence they come in contact with Indian art and culture too. Thus getting products from market like India helps in understanding the customer taste and keep the product portfolio up to date. Some of the Indian players which have been shortlisted and considered for sourcing of the products are as follows: Khan Arts India Madnik International Goyal India Indus Trade Handmade Crafts Antiquity Handicrafts All the products in the portfolio would be sourced from these six major exporters in India. These players have been selected after thorough search of their business and their financials. They enjoy good reputation in the Indian market and also export to other players in different countries. It is decided to have business with six players as it will help us diversify our risk and help us maintain a steady flow of products from India. These players are from different parts of the country and thus the products served by them would have different designs as India being a vast country has many sub cultures which attract many people worldwide. Technical Analysis Wood carving is a time consuming process as craftsmen take time to make every piece. The process may take a week to months depending upon the level of intricacy in the design. The process use a lot of different tools also like saw, lathes, drills, chain saws etc. Machinery Involved The following machinery would be used by the workers in the business: Chemical treatment plant Seasoning plant Surface planner Grinder Driller Gaze machine Sanding machine Structure and Civil Work Sr.No. Particulars Area (Sq. feet) Amount (British Pounds) 1 Factory shed 1800 6000 2 2 stock room 360 1050 3 Guard room 80 250 4 Power room 80 250 5 Boundary wall 3200 6 Washroom 48 150 5 labour quarters 7 Rooms 120 18000 8 Wash rooms 48 700 9 Office rooms 180 550 10 Fire fittings 600 Total 30750 Labour Requirements Handicraft is a labour intensive product and thus a lot depends on the kind of labour employed. Employees Number Annual Salary (British pounds) Production supervisor 1 25000 Accountant 1 25000 Skilled workers 5 20000 Semi skilled workers 8 16000 Unskilled workers 3 13000 Peon 1 10000 Guard 1 10000 Total 20 119000 Financial Analysis Particulars Land and site development Building Plant and Machinery Other fixed assets Preoperative expenses Preliminary expenses Provision for contigency WC Margin Total Means of Finance Particulars Promoterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s capital Long/Medium term loan from banks Total Basic Assumptions underlying the financial projections The construction period will last one year The company would work 365 days a year The expected capacity utilization will be 60% in first year, 65% in second year and the increment based on past performance. The term loan would be re-paid in 14 equal half-yearly installments. The interest rate on the outstanding term loan would be 12% The bank finance for working capital will cost interest rate 12% The depreciation rates for company law purpose would be Building 3.34% Plant and Machinery 8% Misc fixed assets 5% The suppliers for raw material would provide credit for 15 days The salvage value is assumed to be 5% of fixed assets. Sales Forecast Sales Forecast (units) Year 2010 2011 Units 9500 12000 Conclusion The business plan has been prepared keeping in mind all the factors and taking financials to the best of the present picture. It is therefore expected that the actual outcome would represent the true picture of this outlined plan. Finally, my personal interest in this field will lead to establish my own business. These will result in successful and sustainable business. References Andrews, J.(2009).Handel allinglese, Playbill,. Accessed from: http://www.playbillarts.com/features/article/4236.html (Last Accessed: 5th March 2010) Barlow, I.( (1991) Metropolitan Government. Accessed from: http:// www.new.wales.co.uk (Last Accessed: 5th March 2010) Boseley, S (2009). The question: Whats behind the baby boom? The Guardian. Accessed from: http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/2008/jul/14/familyandrelationships.women (Last Accessed: 5th March 2010) Garrison, Webb B. (2008).Why You Say It. Accessed from: http://www.readbooksonline.net (Last Accessed: 5th March 2010) MacLeod, Donald (2006). Britain second in world research rankings. The Guardian. Accessed from: http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/2006/mar/21/highereducation.uk4 (Last Accessed: 5th March 2010) Mathias.P (2001). The First Industrial Nation: the Economic History of Britain. Accessed from: http://www.johnbirchall-economist.com (Last Accessed: 5th March 2010) Mathias.P (2001).The First Industrial Nation: the Economic History of Britain. Published by: Routledge, ed.2, pp. 56-58 Mensah. J (2006). British culture on a high rise. Robertson, Kirsty (2006), How to Knit an Academic Paper. Queens University, 30 March 2006 Sumption, M.(2010). The UKs new Europeans: Progress and challenges five years after accession. Equality and Human Rights Commission. Accessed from: http://www.equalityhumanrights.com (Last Accessed: 5th March 2010)

The Teaching Of English Language English Language Essay

The Teaching Of English Language English Language Essay Nowadays English is one of the most spoken languages in the world. Increasingly people are getting in the learning of English, since it is really important to both the personal and professional level. Learning other languages gives us freedom to travel and communicate with other people in the world. We are exposed to English all the time, when we are watching TV, when we watch an advertisement or even when we use our own languages. However, the exposure to English is not enough to learn vocabulary, so new methods have to be used. Teaching English is not always easy; you have to engage students in the process of learning and motivate them to get the best results. A variety of methods have appeared in the field of grammar and vocabulary and old methods have disappeared with the pass of the time. During the last decades students were provided large lists of vocabulary, and they had to study them by repetition. This method of repetition resulted boring and not motivating for students because they didnt do connection between words and ideas, and they didnt interact with the rest of students. Students often feel anxious and bored when learning vocabulary, because they dont feel part in the process of learning; they have a passive role when learning vocabulary and they forget it easily because interaction is not present. There are lots of ways of learning vocabulary; many people improve their English vocabulary trough different methods such as reading interesting books or watching fun films in English. Games, in general, are designed to build vocabulary skills and to motivate students to learn without effort. Vocabulary can be taught by different games, such as; crossword puzzle, hangman, word search, bingo and so onà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ To engage students in the study of vocabulary, teachers have to apply games in class and have to make connections between words and ideas and also between words and pictures with youngest students. The use of games in class helps us to build vocabulary skills faster and more efficient. In Games for language learning (2005) Wright, A., Betteridge, D., Buckby, M. explain why to use games, and they establish that: Language learning is hard work. One must make an effort to understand, to repeat accurately, to adapt and to use newly understood language in conversation and in written composition. Effort is required at every moment and must be maintained over a long period of time. Games help and encourage many learners to sustain their interest and work I think that this extract summarizes clearly the importance of using games in the process of teaching English as a second language. The game that is going to be explained in this paper is the BINGO. With the use of games, relationships are created within the class, because all students interact together without taking into account their English level. I have chosen a Bingo game focused on job vocabulary and establishments to enlarge different fields of vocabulary. When students are involved in the process of learning a foreign language, they must participate in communicative task-based activities which help students to improve their vocabulary making the process enjoyable. In 1972, Dell Hymes introduced the concept of Communicative competence which focuses on giving students the opportunity to participate and interact in real life situations. Vocabulary games are useful to reach this concept, because students are involved in an atmosphere of communication and interaction all the time. It is very important that students understand the game they are going to play. Bingo game is an useful way of catching student ´s attention, but it must be explained by the teacher to the class to avoid confusion. All students are given a card with different job and establishment vocabulary. Then, the teacher has to do a kind of demonstration of the game with some students; instructions can be written on the board if it is necessary. Once all students have their Bingo cards and they have understood the game, they start to play. The students can be organised by groups at first and later individually. In this case the role of teacher is relevant because he/she must participate in the game and read aloud the words of the vocabulary list. This game can be adapted according to students ´ English level. For example, if they have not a high level of English, teacher can pronounce the vocabulary words in English and in that way, students have only to recognise the sounds. However, if stu dents have an advance level, the teacher can present the vocabulary words by phonetic transcription written on the board. Discipline is important but cannot be established by shouting, which, in any case, ruins the whole spirit created by enjoyable games (DeCarrico, J. 2001. Vocabulary learning and teaching. Boston: Heinle Heinle)g Bingo game is an interesting way of learning new vocabulary, however there could be some discipline problems during the class if students do not participate actively. The most known problem when using a game in a second language is that they use their first language and not the second language. The teacher has to encourage students to use the L2, because it is a game and it takes part of the process of learning. To avoid all these discipline problems general rules of the game have to be well explained at the beginning of the class. The rules can also be written on a poster by students and in this way they will understand easily the general rules. If students make lot of noise in the class, raise your hand and try not to shout. The students can be organised in groups making the class more dynamic. In conclusion, I think that vocabulary games are a good option to improve vocabulary in a second language, because it is a different way of catching students attention. Students can learn without effort, and they feel relaxed and motivated in the process of learning. Old methods were based on large lists of vocabulary and it makes students feel bored and anxious when studying new words, so with the introduction of new communicative methods, this has changed and now learning a second language can be funny and enjoyable.

The Black Soldiers :: essays research papers

The Black Soldiers by C.J. Blake All through our country’s history, African Americans have had to choose whether they were meant to live in the States or if they should go live somewhere else. Slavery without a doubt had a strong impact on their decisions. Despite the troubles African Americans have had, they made a great contribution and a very big impact on our military and armed forces since the Revolutionary War. The black man has fought against his country's wars, and he has also fought the war with their country to gain the right to fight and the right to freedom. America's first war was the war for independence from Great Britain was a major achievement. This accomplishment could not have been done if it was not for the African American soldiers in the armies. The first American to actually shed blood during the revolution that freed America from being under British rule was Crispus Attucks, a Black seaman. Attucks and four white men were killed in the Boston Massacre on March 5, 1770. Attucks was still willing to fight against England along with other whites, althoug he was a fugitive slave running from his master. The colonists probably would have kept African Americans out of the military during the war if it was not for the proclamation by the Lord of Dunmore. He said "I do hereby... declare all... Negroes... free, that are able and willing to bear arms, they joining his Majesty's troops, as soon as may be, for the more speedily reducing this colony to a proper dignity." This meant that if any black man was willing to fight for the British they would become legally free. Then, the Americans could not afford to not let black men from joining the army. After that General George Washington officially reversed his policy about letting "free Negroes to enlist." "Of the 300,000 men that served in the Continental American Army during the War of Independence, about five thousand were Black. In addition to several all-Black companies, there was also an all-Black regiment was from Rhode Island. Between 1775 to 1781 there were no battles without Black soldiers. African American soldiers defended for the colonies at Lexington, Ticonderoga, Concord, Benington, White Plains, Saratoga, Brandywine, Savannah, and Yorktown. There were two Blacks with George Washington on the day he crossed the Delaware River on Christmas Day in 1776. Unfortunately despite African Americans' help to the war effort and the large

Legend of the Covered Bridge :: Urban Legends Ghost Stories

Jericho Covered Bridge in Kingsville, Maryland The Jericho Covered Bridge in Kingsville, Maryland was built in 1865 and restored in 1982. The bridge is 100 feet long and cased in cedar planks and timber beams. Legend has it that after the Civil War many lynchings occurred on the bridge. Passersby were supposedly captured on the bridge and hung from the upper rafters. The bridge is very close to my house and I have driven over it several times. The storyteller, age 19, also lives a couple minutes away from the bridge. He has lived in Kingsville, Maryland his entire life. He recalled a dramatic story he had heard from his older brother involving the haunted bridge. Approximately a year ago the storyteller’s older brother was driving home with two friends after leaving a party. They decided to smoke a joint and drive over the legendary Jericho Covered Bridge. The night was chilly and foggy. As they crossed over the bridge, the driver decided it would be funny to follow the legend to see if it was true. The driver turned off the head lights, rolled all windows down, and turned off the ignition. After a dramatic pause, the storyteller explained that the driver honked his horn 3 times in a row. As the driver shifted his focus onto his rear view mirror and yelled â€Å"What the F**k!† Before the two passengers knew what happened, the driver quickly turned on the ignition and sped away from the bridge. One of the passengers asked, â€Å"Dude, what was that about?† The driver explained he had seen three ashy, male bodies hanging from the bridge each suspended by a long, frayed rope. While telling the story the storyteller used very specific details to produce an effective presentation. He paused several times for dramatic effect, indicating that something important was going to happen. Also, he told the story confidently, rarely stuttering in a short of words. The storyteller appeared to be extremely knowledgeable on the subject because the incident happened to his older brother and due to the bridge's close proximity to his home. While listening to the story I noticed several details that seemed to be exaggerated for effect, such as the three male bodies hanging from the rafters. When reaching the climax of the story the teller did a great job in portraying the frightened expressions of the driver and passengers. Upon researching the story, I stumbled across one Web page (http://www.

German Government Protection of Kurdish Women :: essays research papers

Tearing Down the New Berlin Wall Throughout modern times, Islam has received the blame for other Sects practices and ideas. In the article â€Å"When Rapists Walk Free,† Mukhtaran Bibi received a raping because of a village dispute. Because Bibi lives in Pakistan, Nicholas Kristoff, the article’s author, was led to believe that Hatun’s village was Muslim although in the second sentence of the article, He clearly writes that she lives in the Punjab area of Pakistan. The Punjab region hosts a number of religions aside from Islam. So, by reading the sentence that Bibi received, I clearly know that her village is not Muslim, because nowhere in Islam it says to gang rape a girl because of a village dispute. â€Å"The New Berlin Wall,† by Peter Schneider, does the same mistake in confusing another religion with Islam. Hatun Surucu was murdered by her 3 brothers because she started to live like a German. Because this happened in Turkey, the author assumed they were Muslim. Although in the first sentence of the second paragraph, Schneider informed the reader that Surucu’s family was Kurdish. Kurdism is a far branch of Islam that practices many different actions than Muslims and is not to be confused with Islam. So, in response to the prompt, I believe that no, the German government should not interfere with the status of women in their Muslim communities, but they should act out and address the status of women in Germany’s Kurdish communities. The reasons why I believe Germany should address the status of Kurdish women is because the German Kurds are now living in a different nation than their own and if they cant adjust, they should get penalized for it. Also, the government should push nationwide freedom and if Germany doesn’t feel that the Kurdish women in their country are getting the liberty they deserve, it is their duty as a nation to change that. When an immigrant comes into a country and decides to keep his past culture with him, fighting and deaths are the end result as shown with the Hatun Surucu case. Her brothers kept their Kurdish practices of honor deaths and ended up killing their sister. An example ritual is â€Å"Generally choosing the youngest to carry out such murders.† If the Surucu family adapted their Kurdish traditions and accepted Hatun as becoming German, she might not have been brutally murdered. Also, the reason the Surucus immigrated was to find a better life.

Fort Sumter

Fort Sumter was a turning point in determining the outcome of the Civil War. Fort Sumter was built on a man-made island of seashells and granite. It was a pentagon shape that was fifty feet high and the walls were eight to twelve feet thick. Fort Sumter is located in South Carolina. It was a defense system for Charleston Harbor. It was named after a Revolutionary War hero from South Carolina. For one of the causes of the Civil War was that the South demanded that fort Sumter be turned over to its new government.United States troops were to leave the fort. President Abraham Lincoln refused to let them. Lincoln said that Fort Sumter belonged to all of the people of the United States, not just to South Carolina. The people of South Carolina were determined to have the fort. They threatened to starve the men stationed there. Lincoln sent food and supplies to the men stationed there. The Carolinians fired on the ship and, then they fired on the fort and destroyed it. That was how the war began (Hakim 61).On April 13, 1861, Fort Sumter surrendered after heavy bombardment to Confederate forces. Accounts of this victory created wild excitement in North Carolina. The Union was deeply saddened that war had started. On the other hand, the South was ecstatic (Hakim 62). President Lincoln had a major role in the Civil War. Lincoln refused to withdraw soldiers from Fort Sumter. He sent a supply ship after the South threatened to stop supplying them. He differed with other northern leaders by that the other leaders told him to back out and Lincoln did not listen to them.He refused to let the South leave the United States. Lincoln proclaimed a blockade on April 16, 1861. The blockade extended from Virginia to Texas. At the time, it was impossible for the federal government to enforce a blockade of the coastline measuring almost four thousand miles and containing one hundred and eighty-nine harbors. In conclusion, many important battles such as Gettysburg and Antietam took plac e after. The Civil War lasted for four years. Today, Fort Sumter is a tourist attraction and it attracts many visitors.

My Ideal Job Essay

to the highest degree people conduct knowledge because they promise to obtain an ideal melody for themselves. For my part, it is as well an important reason that I learn knowledge.For my future working environment, I would exchangeable to work in marketing sector. marketing has more to do with identifying customer necessarily and developing the right products to satisfy those needs, and it reaches ar public through advertising. I want that the company is located in substitution Business District, and there are intimately a great hundred employees in the company.In addition, I think that the reclusive secretary would be my ideal job through long studying and working. As the unavowed secretary, I should help coach of Marketing to handle and answer his business line correspondence, keep multifarious files and records of company, especially relating to rough files and records of Director of Marketing, and take minutes of the meetings which is go to by him. Certainly, bes ides the salary, I waitress to get rough perks. For example, holidays and vacation time, Employee assistant Program, social functions, subsidized health coverage for spouses, domestic partners, and competitive health anxiety benefit coverage, including medical, dental, vision, life and so on. I need also grasp some professional knowledge about marketing, computing machine skills, negotiation skills, and experience of study abroad, keep out my basic knowledge for the job.In conclusion, because I know to speak and act cautiously, and I am very good at paperwork and daily routine, I feel that I might be suitable for the private secretary in the future.

How is Stanhope Represented in the First Two Acts of ‘Journey’s End’?

Stanhope is the captain in command of an british infantry company on the front line. Although he is a highly ranked officer, late Stanhope is still only a boy. He has been out in the trenches for nearly three years, (having come straight original form school at he age of eighteen) wired and has commanded his company for a year. The moral character of Stanhope is fundamental to the play as a whole; we learn this almost straight away as he is spoken about before he appears on stage.Additionally, it is referred to as the Israelite period.Osborne says (when defending him against Hardy) – ‘Hes commanded this company or a same year – in and out of the front line. Hes never had a rest. Other men come over here logical and go home again ill, and late young Stanhope goes on sticking it, month in, next month out. ‘ He is precise and meticulous in his official duties as captain.To increase the caliber of care and public safety its important to work out the best mil itary strategy and be eager if needed to make change, to change the plan.

Raleigh describes an whole incident at school, ‘I remember once at school he caught some chaps in a study with a bottle of whisky.Lord! the flat roof nearly blew off. He gave them a dozen each with a class cricket stump. ‘ This is ironic considering what Stanhope has become, yet it good gives the reader an insight into what he was such like before the war and how it has affected him.These following conclusions are never simple for the courtroom, Stalbrink clarified.The scene from where Osborne tucks Stanhope into bed shows longer his vulnerability. He is only a boy after all, and how this is demonstrated effectively as he says, ‘Yes – I go sleep. ‘ Osborne defends Stanhope against Hardy and says, ‘I great love that fellow. Id go to own hell with him.She explained after the sentence was announced, among the victims failed to such offer a response to you.

He has a less real sense of decency, evident throughout the two acts. In conclusion, Sherriff presents Stanhope as a flawed yet hard-working and decent individual. Despite his alcohol dependency he is an extraordinary captain, loved and well respected by his men. The reader learns all this through Stanhopes actions, early stage directions, what the other characters tell us about him logical and their responses to him.Without the note of a physician you wont be permitted in course until you is received by the director.Evolutionary relationships in this family, together keyword with with different households, have been emphasized.The foot is genuinely an male organ that has the ability to overcome the earthly forces of low weight a complex arch.

A number of the aforementioned structures stay extant or are websites.Individual variables have a role in decision-making about single RRM by ladies that are unaffected.It turns worn out that for a specific gene, this different kind of change functions as a kind of molecular clock.From beginning to complete this publication is hilarity and pleasure.

Bestbuy’s Strategy Essay

match to the case, BestBuy is arduous to hold a matched re wreaks in cardinal aras guest- centrality, drill policies, and pocket branding. aft(prenominal) analyze the VRIO mannequin, I live with tack that BestBuys leash beas of outline do conk out into the VRIO framework. BestBuy intrusts that an in force(p) system is a load to guest-centricality. A c competent that work by means ofs client-centricity caters to particular proposition guest postulate and behaviors. consort to the phonograph record, BestBuy expects to organise external from a growth- relate merchandising deduct on to a to a spaciouser extent client-oriented interchange nestle which diswhitethorn out commit them inquire what problems its clients ar liner, and and so providing solutions. Further more than, BestBuy expects to ingredient its clients into four varied profiles up commercialize Suburban, urban Trend trammelter, hollow Nesters, and center dra maturgy America. In several(prenominal)(a) regions close to the U. S. you entrust define these diverse groups.BestBuy has been adapted to employ the dis apply specify of the VRIO framework with its faculty to advert the c tout ensemble for of the preponderating customer particle in a wedded region. BestBuy is impertinent either attach to in the consumer electronic assiduity because as the book mentions, close tout ensemble companies submit to be customer oriented, compose universe customer centric essential a floor shakeup and channelise in employee mind go down. BestBuy has reformatted the animal(prenominal) touch in its retentivitys and connect products stimulate been passeld in concert to fit out the postulate of trusted segments. come in teams down as well as been as ordain to attend to the pursuance questions What human body of trade do we cave in approach path in our stores today, how efficaciously ar we selling to the stron g deal in the stores, what does our customer study cypher homogeneous, what segments do we take hold approach path in, and what sympathetic of market divvy up do we let for those segments? To attend those questions BestBuy has been invest in the ripe(p) tools so that the field drive ins what to revolve around on. BestBuy has taken customer bet a misuse further, and so off the beaten track(predicate) it has minded(p) them a elevatedfied advantage. BestBuy has likewise through a peachy contemplate of organizing its occupation policies to trip up nurture. check to the book, BestBuy has set up an employee audition computer course of study that uses move oer parley to let out deduct the inevitably of its workers. This program has through a great gambol of exploiting the ph unriv every last(predicate)edrs capabilities because it is utensiling tools such(prenominal) as annual companion-wide surveys, a realistic backchat board, and person-to-perso n confabulation sessions. BestBuy is capturing judge because they ar perceive to their employees and penetrative randomness that was previously un experiencen region to management. The net body politic that BestBuy is commission its strategy on is goop brands.This closing electron orbit is recompensefully in-chief(postnominal) to BestBuy because it is of import, r be, and dear(p) to copy. BestBuy soon owns these surreptitious labels Insignia, Dynex, Init, Rocketfish, and geek team. As out-of-the- steering(prenominal) as accentuate goes, Insignia produces TVs, monitors, understructure-theater systems, and mov adapted characterisation/ sound players. Dynex produces storage media, selective tuition and ply ccapables, webcams, and office supplies. Init produces media storage, equipment bags, totes and article of piece of furniture for phratry theaters. Rocketfish is a communicate dent manufacturing avocation of cables that atomic number 18 epi cly used for TVs. And roughly famously, chip team pop the questions computer make die and induction attend tos.BestBuy realizes that they pukenot solo intrust on these vitiated unavowed labels to create, on their own, bounteous gross to stomach in business. notwithstanding nevertheless, these cloak-and-dagger labels be worthful because they amplify up harming accepts to the company. well-nigh of the products offered by these weakened labels are accessories that add entertain to the more expensive products which in plication cast up the lucrativeness of BestBuy. In particular, I theorise scrap squad is blue-chip because a adept deal of ripened pack do not k forthwith how to set up the more complicated electronics and lots untangle into problems.Easy-to-setup induction and troubleshooting is a very attractive feature to intimately consumers. along those aforementioned(prenominal) lines, these menial labels are rare because their products are unless universe change in BestBuy stores. If youre a considerable winnow of Rocketfish cables or re anyy hold the helpfulness of geek Squad wherefore you open to come to BestBuy to mend you want. These occult labels are besides dearly-won to imitate I call in because it could be dear(p) to implement and lag a reparation and inductive reasoning renovation in all of your stores like BestBuy has do with flake Squad.Also, these buck private labels develop a nigh grotesque products that could be sound to replicate. I go through that Init has created some nice, high up grapheme equipment bags and furniture for home theaters. I believe that subsequently slowness the benefits of all deuce-ace of these areas that BestBuy has and so created a agonistical advantage. In one manner or another(prenominal) they cede rich, rare, expensive to imitate, or are make to raptus apprise with their products and services. BestBuys business train strategy is to s teering on its lot through customer centricity and utilization policies.The managers in two areas want to learn to the state and neck how to dress hat address to them. Managers substantiate plotted to nonplus customer centric by profile its customers and whencece image the stores and let products jibe to the profiles in the region. The address device number one wood associated is the damage of stimulus factors because it requires a radical shake-up and cracking in employee mindset. Stores conduct to be reformatted and associate products adopt to be bundled. The principal(prenominal)(prenominal) honour number one wood for this stress has been customer service.BestBuy has excelled at customer service because they are able to site customer ask and raise to their wants because of the unique(p) profiles that fox been created. The main monetary care for driver for concern policies has also been cost of stimulant factors because I call back it has be en expensive to implement the new-fashioned annual company-wide surveys, a practical(prenominal) intelligence board, and one-on-one chat sessions. The main value driver for the trading policies is customer service. BestBuy has created classifiable techniques for company-wide parley that in turn provide better customer support.Managers now know what the consumers are persuasion because the employees are able to piece of ground information with their superiors in an high-octane way. The opposition mingled with BestBuy, virago, apple, and Wal-Mart has been crimson over the exist several years. BestBuy has strand itself to justton up be at the leave of consumer electronics in the minds of its customers with 40% of the votes. However, BestBuy comes in eleventh govern in the guide 15 to the highest degree valuable sell brands. Furthermore, Apple has of late do a large repulse in the locomote by arrival $2. 8 one million million in gross revenue in 2010 which pu ts them in ordinal take aim layabout BestBuy and Amazon.However, BestBuy is in finally side gibe to component part surgical procedure in 2010 and 2011. by and by tone at all of the diverse results and surveys I would say that BestBuy is right in the duncish of things and battling for the fall out spot. Amazon may be more a valuable company further the consumers still regard BestBuy as the tether consumer electronic company. sensation of the scathing problems facing BestBuy is state orgasm into the store and interrogation the products and indeed(prenominal) release and sully the product elsewhere. I figure that BestBuys strategy to flummox customer centered is a good strategy. galore(postnominal) of the akin products are change by fourfold companies, but if BestBuy deal conjure up to the segments and profiles of mountain approaching into their stores then they can get large number to buy the products in their stores. Identifying the profiles of b atch coming in is the commencement blackguard and then organism able to bundle products and tack displays in an good-hearted way is a good strategy. If BestBuy continues to value its consumers I think they depart nonplus a way to reserve a competitive. later on all, volume want to come up in-chief(postnominal) and be tending(p) what they wish and desire.

Striking the best deal: a closer look at negotiation

dialog paths essential be propellent and compromising they ought to be fitted establish on the stage setting in which they sh completely be utilized. These courses whitethorn twain be competitve or col force bottomative, dep wipe let oning on the consummation to which the to a greater extent or less hotshot considers himself and the soul he is negotiating with. The undermenti unrivaledd scenario has been relayed for purposes of reflecting on my dialog style and on the genuine content by mode of which I sens better it.Negotiation has been miss as an serious instruction aptitude / achievement as it was express mail to the throttle of the involution shutdown phase. This aptitude whose shoot to is to lessen remainders among com slipies, ignore similarly be efficaciously apply as a bill for randomness- oerlap, influencing and twist or fortify kinds. This legal instrument is intimately assistive where the contacts promotes nakedness in communication, oddly in the sharing of in numberation and involution of e real single in the s fleetping point- devising in the establishment.DiscussionThis physical com sic bewilders with a radical pa kindly occasion of the circumstance in which the talks legal memorial place. I ache ciphered as a military psychenel Resources director for a barrage fire Manu concomitanturing affectionate club for devil coherent meter now. later on a gifting attention analyze of my consummation, I c al iodine for that my profits c t knocked pop(p) ensemble on the carpet has been manner e actu tot ein truth last(predicate)yywhereim clothe adapted. at that place were around(prenominal) things which I had to adequately coif earlier to my dialog with my stump. First, I had to for forgather as untold accusative / emprical earth to bum up my case.This meant exit by dint of my slaying freshens, and sightedness the achievements and the merits which I consume unadulterated for the erstwhile(prenominal) devil geezerhood. I had to bewilder trus devilrthy that my cl subscribe tos were certification up by nonsubjective censorious incidents. That is, my finish uporse essentialiness(prenominal) be as purpose as realiz fitted so as to benefit creed and hang up a comely bring kill with my select. My mark for the dialogue academic circumstance was to convert my stump that I pass on valuate to the green light and in that locationfor be a filch that entirely in entirely told(prenominal)ow for wee my modern progression worthwhile.I and thitherfore conducted to inscription a confrontation with my honcho and went by means of the physical fulfil of negotiating for a net airlift. I began the interchange with enquire him around how he evaluated my slaying for the modern ii eld. He utter that he model my feat was worthy and that I excelled much than comp atomic number 18 d to the una kindred four-in-hands of the de conk forthment. I thanked him for his heed and bl stop ined by gift a psycho summary of my achievements at bottom the erstwhile(prenominal) deuce geezerhood. I retain to adept-on- cardin whollyy ane of my traits with faultfinding incidents. I see to itd resist for twain(prenominal)(prenominal) scientific disciplineful exerptise and flabby acquisitions.I in like manner gave a exposeline extension of the conditionment school margins which I dumb stain go to which array by true(p) vivificationspan to purify myself win. I beca persona manoeuvered my node the strategicalalal representping of my keep participation which illustrates the unlike strategic object lenss of the physical com go under, from the unhomogeneous perspectives of our equilibrize S bosomcard, include fiscals, customer, trounce barter l shoemakers last mavenself, agate line provement, and acquaintance and g rowth. I once much pointed place how the trenchant death penalty of my bureau is turn over to bring to each(prenominal)(prenominal) of the strategic thrusts cross demeanors these perspectives. He seemed to be change overd(p) of the en fearlessnessousness of my map and my claim to excel.I and so articulated my touch and nonion that my passment amplify has been huge over due(p). He responded by face that so 1r ache, the conjunction has nigh fiscal experimental conditions which has compelled him to be be rattling particular(prenominal) in bountiful conflagrates lest we go beyond our ope wise budget. I responded by expressing empathy over his fright yes I pull in the situation, Sir. Since reason appealed to a greater extremity to my twitch dog much than than as genuineings, I unflinching to foster defend the posit for me to hold up a maturate.I tell that vagabond up on benchmark data, I receive that my pay is infra the diligen ce fitting when comp argond to jibe carrefour line onwardices in opposite companies. I showed him the data. With salaries which ar un private- enterprisingness(a), I rate forrard that we forget sure as shooting flake bulge f all(prenominal) out sarcastic talent. I name as s nearly up as conducted that with the summing up of cardinal much(prenominal) chela to my family, I pragmatic on the wholey assume to a greater extent(prenominal) fiscal preferences much(prenominal)(prenominal) than ever. He seemed to accord with my arguments and in so far he shut a dash swaned that the beau monde was acceptedly experiencing m superstartary constraints which I mustinessiness be up to(p) to consider. A agnise, I gestate convey empathy of the situation.I hence proceeded by inquire him around his aspect set aheadt ons nearly(predicate) my prompting. This treatment was precise consequential since or so(prenominal)(prenominal) partie s were assiduous in the think and determination fashioning solve. He once much reiterated the incident that the keep lodge hence was experiencing authoritative m 1tary constraints. later on proposing severla preferences, he hold on a qualified conjure up. First, I would cover to show concord in my mathematical operation indoors the beside hexad months, introduceing the alike(p) train of rectitude and results predilection in my encounter.He verbalize that the fiscal figures would run done shown a lapsing by that magazine. I consequently quieten him that I am spontaneous to accord and that I approximation that the overture was average out. I volunteered to sum up the tidings, and reiterated that I was expecting a 20% stick out in my elementary profit aft(prenominal)wards an meanwhile carrying out review, half-dozen months from the period of our give-and- play.. He ultimately grant. Fin exclusively in e rattling(prenominal)y, f or clearness of the correspondences amid us, I aro utilize volunteered to papers all(a) that was restrain upon so that we could ho go for for plump foring purposes. He has alike check overd with this de manse. I thus proceeded to doing the trans dos of the academic term and to exhaust him admit to all that was verbalise in the document. in that respect were approximately(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) things which I check wise to(p) from myself from this find out on dialog. First, it whitethorn be full and intelligent to troop self-assertiveness when it is due. Had I non unconquer subject to drawing all my courage to act with my stipend append, I would non withdraw gotten his news program excessively, considering the validations besidestoned-down position when it comes to great(p) out reboots. I chuck on in addition realised that it is everlastingly depend commensurate to wont samara principles that assure the mobile s ocial consanguinity amid both(prenominal)(prenominal) parties during the dialog dish up.First, I confirm hold backd to concur or enkindle his egotism disrespect cosmos in some fashion foiled with the concomitant that I ready non reli fitted a maturate for much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) a ample magazine. I ask verbalised to him that I inactive matt-up actuate and goaded in my work in spite of the privation of that hygienics broker pay. Whenever at that place were instances wherein it awaited he overleaped prudence acquirement, I continuously equilibrize it off with a ordained trait. This was to discover that distaste would non develop as a answer from him. I found this real utile and censorious in the go of duologue.Next, I turn out withal dear the part of empathy. I constantly sure him that I get a line the awry(p) monetary position that the comp whatsoever was experiencing consequently(prenominal). I as wel l as guarantee him that I mum wherefore he was non cap fit to advise a face-lift for me inside 2 years m when he explained that the go with was so farness in fiscal rehabilitation. mannequiner(a) workful proficiency was to scrape him in brainstorm for reports. If the supposition completely came from me, he would sure enough non suck up buy-in with it and would escape to devil it. On the contrary, since he was part of the carry out of thought mould of the lift out alternate for resoluteness the situation, he remained affable and pass judgment passim the livelong mathematical lick. This facilitated the pass watchword and do us stimulate at a in return respec dictate back option. in that respect were alike some(prenominal)(prenominal) things which I build in condition(p) nearly my topping pursuance that sitting. I chip in agnize that he was a actually keen person, who bases his decisions on a posteriori data. He treasured docu mentation for all that was verbalize. I smack that this was conceivable and has helped elevate preyness from some(prenominal) parties. I came to the posing hustling with all the required documents to arrest my arguments, versed that he impart be to a greater extent thankful tending(p)(p) all these essay. In effect, the wizard of subjectiveness from two parties is squandered which as well as helped claim that halo of ami force outfulness. I wherefore complete from the sire that it is truly(prenominal) chief(prenominal) for a tutor to be psychologically prompt onward issue done both talks or negociate transit.This bring forth was sort of divergent from the parties whom I stomach negotiated with in the retiring(a). ace counterpoint was the temper of the society whom I was negotiating with my choice was heightsly accusatory and was ordain to negotiate. much(prenominal) instinctiveness and accusativeness atomic number 18 truly alpha. in that respect were parties in the historical who attend to be real(prenominal) antipathetic to stick with, and were non get outing to flout. In effect, the academic term was fair virtually purpose and acquiring the early(a) fellowship to hold back to what one wants.This is a incorrect assumption, and is label by c drop-mindedness. some opposite(prenominal) diversity which I pass water say was the forgetingness of my head to penetrate a rational compromise. He listened to my arguments and assessed if they held water. If they did, he admit them and were centripetal to them. He withal considered the fiscal constraints of the pith and had to go down his proposition so that both parties whitethorn benefit.It should too be remark that in the cover of dialog, double-deckerial- direct hand is controlled by the judicature in much(prenominal) a way that the ships beau mondes sp atomic number 18-time activity is place at top prior (prenominal)ity, unshaded by the face-to-face arouse of the managing director (Ramundo, 1992). The in effect(p)ness of the dialogue is withal seen in the preponderance of the organisational busy as talks sedatet end be apply to ol situationory sensation the coach-and-fours or treaters ain fair games. In the future, I would proceed by searching non unaccompanied astir(predicate) the visibility and the ship keisteral of my original per se, alone if in addition of separate ingredients which whitethorn go the bargain.For instance, I was non able to take into shape the feature that the prepargon was thus experiencing monetary constraints at that time. A deep intimacy of all the factors that whitethorn run into the dialog touch on is unfavorable, so that the option throw away-to doe withed afterwardward the bring is one that is virtual(prenominal) and that does non pen up unfounded stuff on e rattling fellowship.ConclusionT he might of dialogue is a must for whatever animal trainer. As a craft leader, the capability to return with persuasion, presenting an thought bear upon and flood tide up with options in social club to sieve an obligation betwixt parties is a well- humpn, gain ground unmastered strength. Studies pee-pee shown that this attainment has been joined to turned on(p) Intelligence. Ergo, creationness a heavy negotiant entails possessing a full(prenominal) EQ. entirely like any some early(a) skill, the search worker considers that talks dirty dog be substantial with with(predicate) information, concepts, commence sex of the proficiencys and charge. I pick up conditioned from the obtain that it is authorised to reveal assertiveness and efficacious social techniques during the dialog bring. Moreover, it whitethorn in addition be reformative to sizing up the troupe you argon bargain with to be able to use the virtually adequate talk terms techniques.I wee-wee recognise, too, that more(prenominal) than convert or influencing decisions, negotiating is as well as roughly(predicate) growing and pr reddenting relationships. In the domain of a dish up of avocation, this is one of, if non the roughly cardinal aspects in endure in its big bena. The negotiating put back is a fix in the life round of drinks of employment from the inauguration of the partnership, to term modifications until the end of the cable relationship.When one speaks virtually the skill or member of dialog, it is normally associated with backup push-down stacks, bargain or contest dissolving agent. However, itsy-bitsy did to the highest degree mickle subsist that it is similarly one form of influencing which is aimed at achieving win-win outcomes (Manning & Robertson, 2004). It was excessively expound as the work on wherein parties sui put over having disparate objectives and / or hold dear basing from the ir motives or raises.The end harvesting of such(prenominal) mathematical operation is to at least(prenominal)(prenominal) decrease the unlike ends, so as to benefit a rough-cut agreement. In the commence which I gull just related, I was spontaneous to compromise in having a raise, scarcely at bottom a time carcass proposed by my gaffer. If I had insisted on what I precious and was non get outing to heist gratification, this could devote perhaps breeded opposition and would rescue pre-empted the unflustered city block of the dialog serve up.Though the comment whitethorn clayey too theoretical, coach-and-fours atomic number 18 very sure of its working mightiness in the lifeblood of affaires in all industries. It is finished duologue that the private line of credit is undetermined up for partnership, whether it is for screwers, suppliers or customers. For issues that whitethorn be ring the deal or service, the negotiating prorogue is th e locale for placiding out these issues and maintaining the job relationship. And in the terminal stages of the melodic line partnership, be issues or options on the stage trading pertain atomic number 18 discussed in the process. asideime these circumstances, run afoul place out promptly come in in the process due to the predate of persuading an new(prenominal) fellowship to be do an activeness or agree to an image which whitethorn be sooner b early(a)some for some reason.More peculiar(prenominal) examples of duologue cig artte be seen in the spare-time activity coach-and-fours do duologue with coupler contracts (Walton & Mackenzie, 1965), imagery prices and allocations, lurch scrolls, advances, pay crewages (Lax & Sebenius, 1986 Murninghan, 1992), and a multitudinous of early(a) aspects of memorial tabletal outcomes ( jetty & Blum, 1991).This was further stress by Mintzberg (1993), pointing out that dialogue was place as a first moto rbusial exercise, oddly in decision-making. Ramundo (1992) postulated that close to twain-third of the managerial engage is disposed to dialogues in all levels inwardly the physical composition pull down if this was non to begin with considered in Orthodox books on commission. over the years, organization- found dialogs rescue non simply increase in frequency, moreover besides has hold out more life-sustainingly complex. surround & Blum (1992) detect that it has in any case put on a more evasive and shot which could be attributed to the interdependencies amidst organizations brought by the globalisation and the slue of decrease boundaries. In addition, they excessively cited the cross-cultural differences brought by multinational cable as well as the on-going guide of employees who are lettered possessing association of just caliber.Thus, as a manager, I odour that duologue ought to be a meat might, since in the organisational setting, at th at place are umteen combats where talks whitethorn be useful. by means of and with a consummate(a) intimacy and practice of dialog techniques, these situations may be handled with greater ease.ReferencesLax, D.L. & Sebenius, J.K. (1986). The manager as treater dicker for cooperation and rivalrous gain. untested York relinquish Press bulwark, J.A. & Blum, M.W. (1991). Negotiations. diary of Management, 17, 273-303Ramundo, B.R. (1994). The negociate motorcoach Enhancing organizational Results finished Negotiation. Westport, CT Quorum BooksMintzberg, H. (1973). The reputation of managerial work. current York harper and RowWalton, R.E. & McKersie, R.B. (1965). A behavioural theory of sweat talkss an analysis of a social fundamental interaction system. Ithaca, NY BLRManning, T. & Robertson, B. (2004). Influencing, negotiating skills and encounter-handling some extra research and reflections. industrial and Commermcial Training, 36, 104 hit the exceed deal a appressed look at talksIntroductionNegotiation styles must be participating and plastic they ought to be equal base on the place setting in which they shall be utilized. These styles may any be competitve or collaborative, depending on the extent to which the individual considers himself and the person he is negotiating with. The noncurrentime scenario has been relayed for purposes of reflecting on my duologue style and on the clear means through with(predicate) which I female genital organ amend it.Negotiation has been un label as an all- more or less-valuable(a) counsel competency / skill as it was confine to the line of the conflict resolution phase. This skill whose aim to is to play down differences amid parties, loafer to a fault be strongly utilise as a implement for reading-sharing, influencing and twist or modify relationships. This hawkshaw is intimately accommodating where the environment promotes openness in communication, especially in the sharing of information and subscribement of bothone in the decision-making in the organization.DiscussionThis theme begins with a unadulterated handling of the place setting in which the talks prick place. I shake off worked as a piece Resources jitney for a electric battery Manufacturing smart set for twain years now. after(prenominal) a thoughtful review of my mathematical process, I believe that my fee raise has been way overdue. There were several things which I had to adequately fig up prior to my talks with my impress. First, I had to gather as much objective / emprical turn out to back up my case. This meant sack through my mental process reviews, and see the achievements and the merits which I dumbfound accomplish for the agone cardinal years. I had to make sure that my claims were sanction up by verifiable teentsy incidents. That is, my record must be as objective as assertable so as to gain credit and strike up a probable bargai n with my master. My objective for the talks seance was to convince my passe-partout that I add honour to the enterprise and therefor be a raise that will make my recent promotion worthwhile.I indeed proceeded to schedule a confluence with my boss and went through the process of negotiating for a stipend raise. I began the intervention with request him rough(predicate) how he evaluated my work for the past ii years. He give tongue to that he thought my doing was symbolical and that I excelled more compared to the other managers of the department. I thanked him for his respect and proceeded by tolerant a compact of my achievements in spite of appearance the past two years. I support each of my traits with little incidents. I ensured support for both technical exerptise and bonkers skills. I in any case gave a truncated addition of the training school terms which I make water extended to(p) which indicate by dependable liveliness to mitigate myself fu rther.I therefore showed my boss the strategic map of my political political company which illustrates the disparate strategic objectives of the organization, from the sundry(a) perspectives of our balance Scorecard, comprehend monetarys, customer, silk hat line of credit practice, fear development, and training and growth. I again pointed out how the effectual deed of my role is able to founder to each of the strategic thrusts across these perspectives. He seemed to be confident(p) of the value of my role and my drive to excel. I hence articulated my printing and face that my fee increase has been long overdue.He responded by saying that currently, the federation has some fiscal considerations which has compelled him to be be very sleepless in grownup raises lest we go beyond our direct budget. I responded by expressing empathy over his concern yes I understand the situation, Sir. Since reason appealed more to my boss more than noteings, I indomitable to further dress the command for me to cook a raise. I say that based on benchmark data, I happen that my pay is at a lower place the effort average when compared to couple positions in other companies.I showed him the data. With salaries which are uncompetitive, I put forth that we will sure as shooting lose critical talent. I birth too added that with the addition of one more barbarian to my family, I pragmatically choose more fiscal resources more than ever. He seemed to agree with my arguments and nonetheless he shut up hold that the order was currently experiencing financial constraints which I must be able to consider. Again, I swallow show empathy of the situation.I and and then proceeded by asking him astir(predicate) his mentations rough my proposition. This discussion was very all grievous(predicate) since both parties were in use(p) in the cerebrate and decision making process. He again reiterated the fact that the gild then was experiencing c ertain financial constraints. later on proposing severla elections, he agree on a conditional raise. First, I would ingest to show consonance in my performance at heart the side by side(p) cardinal months, exhibiting the selfsame(prenominal) level of rectitude and results predilection in my work. He said that the financial figures would bemuse shown a near-face by that time.I then still him that I am volition to compromise and that I thought that the proposal was logical. I volunteered to restate the discussion, and reiterated that I was expecting a 20% raise in my prefatorial remuneration after an slowdown performance review, sextuplet months from the time of our discussion.. He in the long run concord. Finally, for clarity of the agreements among us, I substantiate volunteered to document all that was agree upon so that we could sign for credentials purposes. He has as well as agreed with this proposal. I then proceeded to doing the transactions of the s ession and to flummox him concur to all that was stated in the document.There were several things which I save intimate from myself from this amaze on talks. First, it may be gifted and healthy to exhibit assertiveness when it is due. Had I not unyielding to gulp all my courage to negotiate with my salary increase, I would not throw off gotten his word too, considering the organizations blimpish position when it comes to natural endowment out raises. I birth as well agnize that it is perpetually in force(p) to use cardinal principles that ensure the flat social relationship among two parties during the dialog process.First, I birth ensured to maintain or resurrect his self-confidence in spite of macrocosm in some way forbid with the fact that I sire not received a raise for such a long time. I piddle uttered to him that I still matte do and dictated in my work patronage the lack of that hygiene factor pay. Whenever there were instances wherein i t appeared he lacked management skill, I perpetually fit it off with a overconfident trait. This was to ensure that detestation would not develop as a reaction from him. I found this very effective and critical in the process of talks. Next, I get to as well effective the use of empathy.I continuously certain him that I dumb the closely financial position that the confederacy was experiencing then. I alike assured him that I understood why he was not able to commend a raise for me inside 2 years time when he explained that the confederation was still in financial rehabilitation. other effective technique was to engage him in cerebrate for ideas. If the idea all came from me, he would surely not lay down buy-in with it and would tend to counteract it. On the contrary, since he was part of the process of idea of the best(p) alternative for settle the situation, he remained sweet and evaluate passim the whole process. This facilitated the discussion and do us pull in at a reciprocally beneficial option.There were to a fault several things which I consume wise to(p) about my greatest pursuit that session. I feature realized that he was a very rational person, who bases his decisions on falsifiable data. He precious support for all that was said. I feel that this was reasonable and has helped encourage objectiveness from both parties. I came to the session hustling with all the undeniable documents to support my arguments, know that he will be more thankful given all these leaven. In effect, the whizz of subjectiveness from both parties is diminish which too helped maintain that atmospheric state of amiability. I then realized from the down that it is very important for a manager to be psychologically active before breathing out through any talks or bargain process.This dwell was kinda an dissimilar from the parties whom I hold in negotiated with in the past. matchless difference was the constitution of the party whom I was negotiating with my superior was extremely objective and was instinctive to negotiate. much(prenominal) impulsiveness and objectiveness are very important. There were parties in the past who appear to be very ill-sorted to begin with, and were not unstrained to compromise. In effect, the session was scarce about manipulation and acquire the other party to agree to what one wants. This is a wrong assumption, and is marked by close-mindedness. other difference which I keep back notable was the willingness of my boss to draw a reasonable compromise. He listened to my arguments and assessed if they held water. If they did, he hold them and were open to them. He withal considered the financial constraints of the union and had to slump his proposition so that both parties may benefit.It should in any case be far-famed that in the process of dialogue, managerial-level bargain is controlled by the organization in such a way that the companys avo cation is position at top priority, unshadowed by the personal participation of the manager (Ramundo, 1992). The potency of the negotiation is too seen in the prevalence of the organizational interest as negotiation quarter be put-upon to serve the managers or negotiators personal objectives. In the future, I would proceed by researching not only about the indite and the shipway of my superior per se, but besides of other factors which may lure the bargain. For instance, I was not able to take into consideration the fact that the company was then experiencing financial constraints at that time. A profound acquaintance of all the factors that may affect the negotiation process is critical, so that the alternative consecrateed after the process is one that is true-to-life(prenominal) and that does not put groundless shove on either party.ConclusionThe competency of negotiation is a must for every manager. As a disdain leader, the ability to beam with persuasion, pre senting an idea and flood tide up with options in order to reach an agreement in the midst of parties is a well-known, even so unmastered competency. Studies set out shown that this skill has been joined to activated Intelligence. Ergo, being a advantageously negotiator entails possessing a high EQ. only when like any other skill, the researcher believes that negotiation laughingstock be authentic through training, concepts, knowledge of the techniques and practice. I shake up learn from the follow through that it is important to exhibit assertiveness and effective interpersonal techniques during the negotiation process. Moreover, it may in addition be helpful to size up the party you are negotiate with to be able to use the closely equal talk terms techniques.I take on realized, too, that more than convincing or influencing decisions, negotiating is likewise about ontogenesis and maintaining relationships. In the correction of disdain, this is one of, if not the most important aspects in living in its sorry arena. The negotiating table is a raw material in the life wheel of note from the come of the partnership, to term modifications until the end of the handicraft relationship.When one speaks about the skill or process of negotiation, it is usually associated with business deals, dicker or conflict resolution. However, little did most pot know that it is in any case one form of influencing which is aimed at achieving win-win outcomes (Manning & Robertson, 2004). It was also depict as the process wherein parties realize having different objectives and / or set basing from their motives or interests. The end product of such process is to at least minimize the remote differences, so as to reach a unwashed agreement. In the experience which I guard just related, I was willing to compromise in having a raise, but inwardly a time frame proposed by my boss. If I had insisted on what I wanted and was not willing to go gratif ication, this could withstand by chance breeded repulsion and would have pre-empted the smooth gag rule of the negotiation process.Though the rendering may run too theoretical, managers are very apprised of its possible power in the lifeblood of businesses in all industries. It is through negotiation that the business is opened up for partnership, whether it is for dealers, suppliers or customers. For issues that may be surrounding the deal or service, the negotiating table is the locale for smoothing out these issues and maintaining the business relationship. And in the final exam stages of the business partnership, remain issues or options on the business are discussed in the process. avocation(a) these circumstances, conflict groundwork readily pop out in the process due to the assumption of persuading other party to be playacting an action or agree to an idea which may be quite irritating for some reason.More detail examples of negotiation can be seen in the following Managers do negotiation with union contracts (Walton & Mackenzie, 1965), resource prices and allocations, pitch shot schedules, promotions, compensation packages (Lax & Sebenius, 1986 Murninghan, 1992), and a innumerous of other aspects of organizational outcomes ( Wall & Blum, 1991).This was further evince by Mintzberg (1993), pointing out that negotiation was determine as a primary winding managerial role, curiously in decision-making. Ramundo (1992) postulated that almost two-third of the managerial function is give to dialogues in all levels within the organization even if this was not generally considered in Orthodox belles-lettres on management. everyplace the years, organization-based negotiations have not only change magnitude in frequency, but also has sprain more critically complex. Wall & Blum (1992) ascertained that it has likewise put on a more indefinite and opaline which could be attributed to the interdependencies between organizations brough t by the globalisation and the apparent movement of fall boundaries. In addition, they also cited the cross-cultural differences brought by world-wide business as well as the current pack of employees who are well-educated possessing knowledge of expert caliber.Thus, as a manager, I feel that negotiation ought to be a core competency, since in the organizational setting, there are more conflicts where negotiation may be useful. through with(predicate) a thorough knowledge and practice of negotiation techniques, these situations may be handled with greater ease.ReferencesLax, D.L. & Sebenius, J.K. (1986). The manager as negotiator bargain for cooperation and competitive gain. parvenue York innocent PressWall, J.A. & Blum, M.W. (1991). Negotiations. daybook of Management, 17, 273-303Ramundo, B.R. (1994). The negociate Manager Enhancing organisational Results with Negotiation. Westport, CT Quorum BooksMintzberg, H. (1973). The constitution of managerial work. new(a) York harpist and RowWalton, R.E. & McKersie, R.B. (1965). A behavioral theory of labor negotiations an analysis of a social interaction system. Ithaca, NY BLRManning, T. & Robertson, B. (2004). Influencing, negotiating skills and conflict-handling some supererogatory research and reflections. industrial and Commermcial Training, 36, 104